理想与现实张力中的君子人格——以儒家为中心的考察

Gentleman’s Personality in the Tension between Ideal and Reality —— An Investigation Centered on Confucianism

作为道德评判的重要标准和理想化形态,儒家的君子人格具有理想与现实的双重维度,这两个维度不是彼此分离的,而是处于既对立又统一的矛盾之中。在儒家哲学思想中,君子人格是立足于批判与反思现实的基础上而展开的一种理想,这种理想境界的展开过程又是对理想人格描绘与追求的过程。中庸之道是处于理想与现实张力中的君子人格的平衡,是行为主体的道德与智慧的内在统一,也是人的现实行为与理想境界的完整统一,而教化是通达中庸之道的重要途径。

As an important criterion and idealized form of moral judgment,Confucian gentleman personality has dual dimensions of ideal and reality,which are not separated from each other and in a contradiction between opposition and unity.In Confucian philosophy,the personality of a gentleman is an ideal based on criticism and reflection on reality.The process of developing this ideal state is also the process of describing and pursuing the ideal personality.The doctrine of the mean is the balance of the gentleman's personality in the tension between ideal and reality.It is the internal unity of morality and wisdom of the actors,and the complete unity of human's realistic behavior and ideal realm.Education is an important way to reach the doctrine of the mean.