追求公平与卓越：英国公立中学问责测度改革

Pursuing Equity and Excellence: State-funded Secondary School Accountability Measures Reform in UK

只有在充分有效问责的前提下,学校自治才能发挥促进教育发展的作用。自1980年代末,英国政府建立并不断完善基于国家课程考试与学校排名信息公开的公立中学问责测度体系。在最新一轮的改革中,“进步8(Progress 8)”“成绩8(Attainment 8)”“英国文凭(EBacc)”等新指标和算法的引入成为了亮点。新改革体现了英国政府追求教育公平与卓越的双重雄心。其特点是以绩效改进为宗旨,督导帮扶薄弱学校;基于客观绩效数据,提升问责的科学性;以增值评价为重点,保障问责的公平性;指标及数据公开化,彰显问责的公共性。

Only under the premise of full and effective accountability,school autonomy can play a role in education development.Since the late 1980s,the British government has established and continuously improved the state-funded secondary school accountability measures which is based on national curriculum tests and school league publication.The introduction of new headline measures such as“progress 8”,“attainment 8”and“EBacc”highlights the most recent reform.The dual ambition of the British government to pursue both the educational equity and excellence is well embedded in the reform.The reform is characterized by aiming at performance improvement so as to inspect and help weak schools,improving the reliability of accountability based on objective performance data,ensuring fairness of accountability with the focus of value-added evaluation,showing the publicity of accountability by publishing indicators and data.