固有免疫在自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病中的作用及机制

Roles of innate immunity in the autoimmune central nervous system disorders

自身免疫性中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病是一组靶向CNS组织的自身免疫病,导致严重临床症状包括药物抵抗性癫痫、认知障碍和精神病学障碍等。目前研究显示这些疾病是抗体介导的,但固有免疫应答在其中的作用有待进一步阐明。小胶质细胞和浸润的单核细胞在病灶部位的扩增以及血脑屏障损伤均对该疾病发生有关键作用。固有和适应性免疫细胞产生促炎因子,维持神经炎症并促进癫痫的发生,最终出现神经退行性改变和长期神经系统后遗症。本文对固有免疫在自身免疫性CNS疾病中的作用和机制最新研究进展做一综述,期待对相关领域临床医生和研究人员提供参考和借鉴。

The autoimmune central nervous system(CNS) disorders are a group of autoimmune conditions targeting the central nervous system and causing severe clinical symptoms including drug-resistant seizures,cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disturbance. Although these disorders appear to be antibody mediated, the effect of innate immune responses on them needs further clarification. Infiltrating monocytes and microglial proliferation at the site of lesion could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease with resultant blood brain barrier dysfunction, and subsequent activation of adaptive immune response. Both innate and adaptive immune cells can produce pro-inflammatory molecules which can perpetuate ongoing neuroinflammation and drive ongoing seizure activity. Ultimately neurodegenerative changes can ensue with resultant long-term neurological sequelae. Herein we summarize the recent progress in this field to provide helpful information to clinical doctors and basic researchers.