从科学哲学的“证实”/“证伪”认识中医药科学实验的对照设计

Understanding the Control-designing During the Scientific Experiments of Chinese Medicine Based on "Verification" and "Falsification" of the Philosophy of Science

科学哲学发展过程中的“证实”和“证伪”方法论,从一个问题的两个方面认证理论假说的科学性。我们可以从中得到启示:在中医药科学实验中不仅仅需要证实,还需要证伪。而后者对于一个实验假说的确证更重要。本文对此进行了讨论。结果表明一个实验设计的受试部分属于“证实”的相关内容,其余则属于“证伪”的范畴,即所谓的“对照”(Control)。证伪设计的充分与否直接关系到证实部分结果的确证性,也就是关系到实验假说的正确性。证伪对照设计的多少取决于该实验假设全称逻辑表述中内涵的多少。证伪属性的对照越充分,实验假设理论的检验也越确证。充分认识这些对于中医药科学实验设计水平的提高有积极的意义。

The"verification"and"falsification"in the history of philosophy of science,from the two aspects of a problem,proved the scientificity of a theoretical hypothesis.Based on the verification/falsification theory,we can get an inspiration that the hypothesis not only needs to be verified,but also needs to be falsified in the scientific experiments of Chinese medicine.And the latter is more important for the confirmation of an experimental hypothesis.This paper dicussed that.The results showed that the tested part of one experimental design belongs to the relevant content of“verification”,and the rest belongs to the category of"falsification",so-called"control".The adequacy of the falsification design is directly related to confirm the corroboration of some results,that is,the correctness of the experimental hypothesis.The number of falsification control designs depends on the connotation of the full logical representation of the experimental hypothesis.The more complete the comparison of the falsification attribute is,the more certain the verification of the experimental hypothesis theory is.To comprehensively understand the idea is especially positive to improve the designing level of the scientific experiments of Chinese medicine.