外泌体miRNA在寄生虫中的进展

Advances in research on parasite exosomal miRNA

外泌体(exosomes)是由多种细胞分泌的膜囊泡,是细胞信息交流中的重要介质,因其含有携带遗传信息的核酸从而起着重要的调节作用。研究表明寄生虫可利用外泌体作为细胞间通讯及与宿主联系的工具,调节宿主的免疫系统,相互转移传递致病因子、药物抗性基因和分化因子,对疾病的发生发展具有重要作用。目前许多报道表明外泌体中的miRNA在调控虫体发育、介导相互作用及致病中都发挥了重要作用。本文就寄生虫外泌体miRNA的来源及构成、对寄生虫生长发育作用等生物学功能研究,以加深对寄生虫基因表达调控机制的理解,从而对寄生虫致病的分子机制研究提供理论基础。

Exosomes(exosomes)are a type of membranous vesicle secreted by a variety of cells.They are important means for exchanging information among cells,and the nucleic acids they contain have garnered more attention because the genetic information they carry plays an important regulatory role.Studies have indicated that parasites can also use their exosomes as a tool for intercellular communication and host communication,regulating the host’s immune system,mutual transferring of pathogenic factors,metastatic cytokines,drug resistance genes,and differentiation factors,which are critical for the development of disease.Many studies have indicated that miRNAs in exosomes play an important role in regulating worm development,mediating interactions,and pathogenesis.This review summarizes the sources,composition,and biological functions of parasite exosome miRNAs,parasite growth and development,and the biological functions of miRNAs from parasite exosomes in order to enhance understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of parasite gene expression and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of parasitic pathogenesis.