新中国70年经济战略与体制互动

New China’s Economic Strategies and Systems Interaction in the Last 70 years

新中国成立70年来,以1978年为界分别形成实施了重工业优先发展战略和"三步走"战略两种不同的经济发展战略,并在此基础上对应建立了传统计划经济体制和社会主义市场经济体制两种不同的体制模式。具体来说,除去新中国成立之初的恢复时期和20世纪60年代初的调整时期这两个特殊阶段外,1949-1978年我国在重工业优先发展观指导下共推行过"一五"、"大跃进"、备战、"洋跃进"四个具体的经济发展战略,并由此形成了传统计划经济体制的集权模式与分权模式,即苏联式中央高度集权型体制与毛泽东"虚君共和"构想体制。与之不同的是,1978年以来随着"三步走"战略中第一步、第二步和第三步的第一阶段,即温饱、总体小康、全面小康任务的递进承接、分步解决,社会主义市场经济体制也经历了逐步探索、初步建立、不断完善等几个阶段。

Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in the 70 years,the two major economic development strategies,including strategy of priority to the heavy industry and the"three-step"strategy,have been carried out in 1978.And based on this,two different economic systems including the traditional planned economic system and the socialist market economic system have been established.To be specific,apart from the two special stages of the recovery period at the beginning of the establishment of New China and the adjustment period in the early 1960 s,the four major economic development strategies of the First Five-year Plan,the Great Leap Forward,the preparation for war and Foreign Leap(China set up overseas subsidies and administrations)had been implemented under the guidance of the concept of giving priority to the heavy industry from 1949 to 1978.And thus,the centralized and decentralized modes of traditional planned economic system were formed,that is,the highly centralized system in Soviet style and Mao Zedong’s concept of"constitutional monarchy"system.The difference is that,since 1978,in the first stage of"three-step"development strategy,the tasks of the first,the second and the third steps have been fulfilled step by step,namely,the tasks of adequate food and clothing,a general well-off society and a comprehensive well-off society.At the same time,the socialist market economic system had also undergone several stages,including gradual exploration,initial establishment,and continuous improvement.