植物几丁质酶的研究进展

The Research Progress of Plant Chitinases

几丁质酶是一种能够水解天然高聚物几丁质的糖苷水解酶,在植物中分布广泛。基于对几丁质的降解功能,植物几丁质酶在植物对病原菌和害虫的防御过程中发挥着重要作用。同时,植物几丁质酶也参与了植物对非生物胁迫的应答。本综述介绍了植物几丁质酶的分布、分类及结构特点,探讨了几丁质酶的作用机制,论述了植物几丁质酶在胁迫(虫害,病菌,干旱,高温,低温和金属离子等)应答中的功能,尤其强调了植物几丁质酶的抗虫和抗菌功能及其在植物抗逆基因工程中的广泛应用。本综述为后续深入研究植物几丁质酶的抗逆机制及应用提供了理论依据和研究思路。

Chitinases are glycoside hydrolases responsible for the hydrolysis of the natural polymer chitin, which are found in abundant plant species. Based on their degradation of chitin plant chitinases play a significant role in the defense of plants against pathogens and pests. Meanwhile, plant chitinases are involved in responses to abiotic stress as well. This review introduces distribution, classification and structural properties of plant chitinases, discusses their mechanisms and expounds their functions in stress responses, like pests, diseases, drought, heat, cold metal ions, etc, especially highlighting their resistance against pests and fungi, as well as their wide application in plant genetic engineering. This review provides theoretical foundation and research approaches for further studies in stress-resistance mechanisms of chitinases and their application.