沙尘天气高发区小学生肺通气功能研究

Pulmonary ventilation function of pupils in an area with frequent dust weather

目的了解沙尘天气高发区儿童肺通气功能状况。方法于2016年4-5月在甘肃省民勤县(沙尘高发区)和平凉市(对照区)采用随机整群抽样的方法选择3~6年级小学生1 702名和1 796名进行肺功能检查和问卷调查。结果沙尘高发区小学生FVC(2.35 L)、FEV1(1.92 L)、FEV1%(89.43%)均低于对照区(FVC:2.39 L;FEV1:2.05 L;FEV1%:93.53%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);沙尘高发区小学生阻塞性、限制性肺通气功能损伤及肺功能异常风险均高于的对照区[OR(95%CI):4.696(3.820~5.773),1.494(1.244~1.794),2.572(2.281~2.900)];控制混杂因素后,logistic回归分析显示上述效应的校正OR(95%CI)值分别为6.036(4.705~7.745)、1.540(1.248~1.900)、1.731(1.372~2.183)。结论沙尘高发区小学生肺功能降低,主要表现为阻塞性肺通气功能损伤。

Objective To understand the pulmonary ventilation function of pupils in areas where the dust weather break out frequently.Methods Minqin county and Pingliang city of Gansu province were selected as the sand dust area and control region,respectively.A total of 3 498 school children(1 702 in Minqin,1 796 in Pingliang)were selected by random cluster sampling and were given pulmonary function test and questionnaires from April to May in 2016.Results The values of FVC(2.35 L)、FEV1(1.92 L)、FEV1%(89.43%)were all lower in the pupils of sand dust area than those of control area(FVC:2.39 L;FEV1:2.05 L;FEV1%:93.53%)(P<0.05).Compared with control area,the values of OR(95%CI)of obstructive type lung functions impairment,restricted type lung functions impairment and pulmonary dysfunction were 4.696(3.820-5.773),1.494(1.244-1.794)and 2.572(2.281-2.900)in sand dust area,respectively(P<0.05).The multiple-factor logistic regression models was used to control the influence factors,and the adjusted ORs(95%CI)of all the above indexes were 6.036(4.705-7.745),1.540(1.248-1.900)and 1.731(1.372-2.183),respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The decreased lung function is found in pupils in sand dust area compared with those in control area,and the dominant pulmonary dysfunction is obstructive type lung functions impairment.