辐照对橡胶老化作用的研究

Effect of Irradiation on the Aging of Rubber

在核能、航空航天、电离辐射等高能粒子辐照领域,辐照是引起橡胶性能降低的主要因素之一。介绍辐照对橡胶的损伤机理、不同射线粒子辐照对橡胶性能的影响,分析橡胶耐辐照性能的评估指标和几种常见橡胶的耐辐照性能,提出橡胶耐辐照性能的改进方法。辐照对橡胶的老化损伤主要是因为橡胶分子链吸收一定量的辐照能而断裂,生成大量自由基,进行不同程度的降解和交联反应,进而改变了橡胶的化学、机械及电气性能。不同辐射源对橡胶的老化作用差异较大,目前没有一种橡胶可完全满足各种工况环境的使用要求,在实际使用工况下应选择合理的性能指标来评估橡胶经辐照后的性能稳定性。除了选用耐辐照橡胶之外,还可以通过添加填料、抗辐射树脂或有机抗辐射剂等方式进一步改善橡胶制品的耐辐照性能,拓宽橡胶制品应用范围。

Irradiation was one of the main factors causing the degradation of rubber properties in the fields of nuclear,aerospace,ionizing radiation and other high-energy particle irradiation.The damage mechanism of irradiation on rubber and the influence of different irradiation particles on rubber properties were introduced.The property evaluation indexes and the irradiation resistance of several common rubber were analyzed,and the measures to improve the irradiation resistance of rubber were presented in this paper.The aging damage of rubber caused by irradiation was mainly due to the breakage of rubber molecular chains by absorbing a certain amount of irradiation energy,generating a large number of free radicals,causing degradation reaction at various degrees(and some crosslinking reaction as well),which changed the chemical,mechanical and electrical properties of rubber The aging effect of different irradiation sources on rubber varied greatly.At present,no rubber could fully meet the requirements of various working conditions,so that reasonable performance targets should be selected to evaluate the stability of rubber after irradiation under actual working conditions.In addition to the selection of irradiation-resistant rubber,the irradiation resistance of rubber products could be further improved by adding fillers,irradiation-resistant resins or organic irradiation-resistant agents,to broaden the application scope of rubber products.