苄嘧磺隆土壤残留对4种作物的敏感性及药害早期诊断

Sensitivity and Early Diagnosis of Bensulfuron-methyl Residue to Four Crops

[目的]为了明确苄嘧磺隆土壤残留对后茬作物的影响及药害早期诊断方法。[方法]在室内采用土壤添加法研究了玉米、花生、大豆、黄瓜4种作物对苄嘧磺隆残留的敏感性响应。[结果]苄嘧磺隆残留对玉米、花生、大豆、黄瓜4种作物的生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,土壤中残留的苄嘧磺隆对植物的不同生长部位抑制作用不同,其中对根长的抑制作用最大,其次是鲜重,最后是株高。苄嘧磺隆残留对4种作物玉米、花生、大豆、黄瓜株高的IC10值分别为143.32、199.10、336.12、5.22μg/kg。而SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、PSII实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)3个参数在苄嘧磺隆浓度为100μg/kg时均显著性下降。[结论]黄瓜对苄嘧磺隆残留最敏感,其次是玉米、花生,而大豆相对不敏感。SPAD值、Pn、ΦPSII这3个参数能快速、准确并无损伤地检测4种作物的苄嘧磺隆残留药害。

[Aims] In order to understand the effects of bensulfuron-methyl residue on the following crops and evaluate the methods of early diagnosis. [Methods] The sensitivity of corn, peanut, soybean and cucumber to bensulfuron residues was studied by soil addition method in laboratory. [Results] The growth of corn, peanut, soybean, and cucumber were differently inhibitted by bensulfuron-methyl. The residual bensulfuron-methyl in soil had different inhibitory effects on root length, plant height, and fresh quality and its sensitivity was ranked as root length > frewsh weight > plant height. And the IC10 of bensulfuron residue on plant height of corn, peanut, soybean, and cucumber were143.32, 199.10, 336.12, 5.22 μg/kg, respectively. The SPAD value, Pn and ΦPSII were significantly decreased under the bensulfuron-methyl residue concentration of 100 μg/kg. [Conclusions] Overall, cucumber was the most sensitive to bensulfuron-methyl residue, followed by corn and peanut, while soybean was relatively insensitive. SPAD values, Pn,and ΦPSII can be used as early diagnosis index to detect bensulfuron-methyl residue phytotoxicity timely, efficiently and non destructively.