“高加索山地民族联盟”与后苏联时代的地区分离冲突

“Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus” and Regional Separatism Conflicts in the Post-Soviet Era

高加索地区历来以民族众多、分布复杂著称,在不同时期发生过影响该地区乃至周边区域历史走向的重要事件。高加索地区特殊的自然、人文地理特点是该地区民族多样交织的重要因素之一,因此发生在这里的历史往往带有鲜明的区域特征。"高加索山地民族联盟"的产生与发展,一方面是基于该地区极为复杂的民族分布状况,另一方面也直接与近代以来两次特殊的"窗口期"背景直接相关。不论是在俄罗斯帝国解体后出现的该组织的早期雏形,还是苏联末期再次登上历史舞台的其"继承"组织,都代表了高加索地区微小民族团结并谋求以共同体模式发展的尝试。但从主权国家的视角出发,此种带有"泛高加索主义"思想特点的实践,是对国家和地区安全的严峻挑战。可以预见,高加索的民族复杂性会因其他客观条件成熟而再次对地区局势产生重要影响。

Caucasus is widely known for its various peoples and their complex distribution. At different times, there happened important events which had influences on the local history and its neighboring regions. The unique natural and human geography of this region contributes to the complexity of different peoples, and therefore, the local history is featured with distinct regional characteristics. The emergence and development of "Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus" is mainly associated with two factors, namely, the extremely complicated distribution of peoples, and two special "window phases" since modern times. No matter the early form of this organization after the collapse of the Russian Empire, or the inheriting organization in the end of the Soviet period, they both represent attempts of tiny ethnic groups in Caucasus in collaborating for development. Nevertheless, in the view of sovereign countries, this pan-caucasianism practice is a severe challenge to national and regional security. Predictably, the complexity of peoples in Caucasus will have important impacts on regional situation if other objective conditions are mature.