授粉树配比对红富士苹果蜜蜂授粉效果的影响

Effect of Pollination Tree Ratio on Bee Pollination Effect for Red Fuji Apple

为探讨红富士苹果园在利用蜜蜂授粉时需要配置的授粉树比例,研究了不同授粉树配比对红富士苹果坐果率、果形指数、种子数量、心室数、偏斜果率等的影响。结果表明,授粉树配比为1∶4的花序坐果率最高,可达68.10%,果形指数为0.8902,种子数为402个,偏斜果率为18%;授粉树配比为1∶10的花序坐果率为39.57%,坐果率最低,果形指数为0.8131,种子数为314个,偏斜果率为45%;坐果率、果形指数等指标均随着授粉树配比的降低而降低。蜜蜂为红富士苹果授粉时,按照1∶8的比例配置授粉树即可达到生产需求,最低也要保持在1∶10。

To explore the ratio of pollination tree using bee pollination in Red Fuji apple,the effects of different pollination tree ratio on the fruit setting rate,fruit shape index,seed number,ventricle number and wry fruit rate of Red Fuji apple were studied.The results showed that fruit setting rate of pollination tree ratio for 1∶4 was the highest,the fruit setting rate was 68.10%,the fruit shape index was 0.8902,the seed number was 402,the wry fruit rate was 18%.Fruit setting rate of pollination tree ratio for 1∶10 was the lowest,the fruit setting rate was 39.57%,the fruit shape index was 0.8131,the seed number was 314,the wry fruit rate was 45%.With the decrease of pollination tree ratio,fruit setting rate,fruit shape index,seed number,ventricle number and wry fruit rate also gradually reduced.When the Red Fuji apple uses bee pollination,the pollination tree ratio for 1∶8 can meet the field demand and the minimum ratio should be kept at 1∶10.