长期施肥对褐土土壤酶活性的影响

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Enzyme Activity of Cinnamon Soil

利用1992年布设在山西省寿阳县褐土区域的长期试验平台,开展了长期施肥对褐土土壤酶活性的影响研究。选择长期试验中的9个处理:不施肥对照(N0P0M0)、4个不同氮磷化肥配施处理(N1P1M0、N2P2M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0)、3个有机无机肥配施处理(N2P1M1、N3P2M3、N4P2M2)和单施高量有机肥处理(N0P0M6),于2018年秋季采集上述9个处理的0~20,20~40 cm土层土壤样品,分析测定各土壤样品的脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性。结果表明,氮磷化肥配施的4个处理,脲酶活性均较对照有所增加,N1P1M0、N2P2M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0处理增幅分别为0.33%,1.3%,5.21%和11.4%,且脲酶活性随氮肥施用量的增加呈增加趋势;随氮肥施用量的增加碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均较对照有所减少,其中,碱性磷酸酶活性随磷肥施用量增加也呈减少趋势;长期单施高量有机肥和有机无机肥配施的脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性均较对照显著增加,且较单施氮磷化肥处理效果更显著。综合分析表明,合理的有机无机肥配施对褐土脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性的提高作用最显著。

The effect of long-term fertilization on the enzyme activity of cinnamon soil was explored based on the long-term experimental platform set up in cinnamon soil region in Shouyang county,Shanxi from 1992.In this study,nine treatments were selected from the long-term experiment,namely,control without fertilizer(N0P0M0),four different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(N1P1M0,N2P2M0,N3P3M0,N4P4M0),three organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments(N2P1M1,N3P2M3,N4P2M2)and single application of high-quantity organic fertilizer(N0P0M6).Soil samples of 0-20,20-40 cm from the above treatments were collected in the autumn of 2018,and the activities of urease,sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed and determined.The results showed that compared with control,the urease activity in treatments of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer N1P1M0,N2P2M0,N3P3M0,N4P4M0 increased by 0.33%,1.3%,5.21%and 11.4%,respectively,and the urease activity increased with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.Compared with control,the activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase decreased,and the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased with the increase of the amount of phosphate fertilizer.Compared with control,activities of urease,alkaline phosphatase and sucrose in cinnamon soil was significantly increased in the treatments with high-quantity organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer for a long time,and the effect was more obvious compared with the treatments of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer alone.The comprehensive analysis showed that reasonable organic-inorganic application had the most prominent effect on improving the activities of urease,alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in cinnamon soil.