莲异喹啉生物碱及其松弛平滑肌作用的研究进展

Advances in chemical constituents of isoquinoline alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera and their smooth muscle relaxation effect

莲Nelumbo nucifera是一种传统的药用植物,现在它被认为是药食两用作物。它广泛分布于我国,自然资源十分丰富。其叶(荷叶)、花(荷花)、叶茎或花茎(荷梗)、叶基部(荷叶蒂)、雄蕊(莲须)、花托(莲房)、老熟果实(石莲子)、种子(莲子)、种皮(莲衣)、绿色胚芽(莲子心)、根茎(藕)和根茎的节部(藕节)等多个生物体部位均可作为药用或食用,是一种极具利用价值的经济作物。生物碱为莲的主要化学成分,其结构类型均为异喹啉类化合物。平滑肌通常存在于消化道、呼吸道以及血管和泌尿、生殖等人体系统中,其异常收缩与高血压、哮喘和胃肠失调等多种疾病相关,而大部分治疗策略依赖于平滑肌松弛药物。以往的研究表明,莲生物碱对平滑肌具有较强的松弛活性。该文通过检索近年来CNKI,PubMed等学术数据库,选取国内外近年来与莲生物碱及其对平滑肌作用相关的文献进行归纳、整理和分析,以期为未来从莲生物碱中发现高效、低毒的平滑肌松弛剂提供科学依据。

Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera)is a traditional medicinal plant,and nowadays it is regarded both as medicine and food.It is widespread across China and rich in natural resources.Almost every part of N.nucifera could be used for medical or edible purpose,including seeds(Lianzi),black ripe fruits(Shilianzi),seed coats(Lianyi),green embryos of mature seed(Lianzixin),flowers(Lianhua),stamens(Lianxu),receptacles(Lianfang),leaves(Heye),leaf or flower stalks(Hegeng),leaf bases(Heyedi),rhizomes(Ou)and rhizome nodes(Oujie).Therefore,this plant is praised as a commercial crop with great economic values.Isoquinoline type alkaloids are the main chemical components of lotus.Smooth muscles usually exist in the digestive tract,respiratory tract and vascular,urinary,reproductive and other human systems.Dysfunction of smooth muscle contraction will induce many diseases including hypertension,asthma and gastrointestinal disorder,etc.,and most of current therapeutic strategies rely on relaxation of smooth muscle by drugs.Previous studies have shown that alkaloids of lotus have strong relaxation activity on smooth muscle.The present paper reviews phytochemistry and smooth muscle relaxation activity of 59 isoquinoline alkaloids from N.nucifera through accessing CNKI,PubMed and multiple databases for biomedical sciences.