铁皮石斛灰霉病病原分离鉴定及防治

Isolation and identification of pathogen of Dendrobium officinale gray mold and its prevention and control

通过调查发现湖北省铁皮石斛叶部病害主要为灰霉病,其对铁皮石斛的产量和品质造成较大影响。病原物经分离、纯化后,利用形态学及分子生物学鉴定证明致病菌为灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea。通过室内抑菌测定5种植物源菌剂和4种抗生素菌剂对灰霉菌菌株HS1菌丝生长影响,证明0.3%丁子香酚对菌株HS1菌丝生长抑制效果最好,EC50为0.29 mg·L^-1,其次为1%蛇床子素,EC50为1.12 mg·L^-1,0.5%苦参碱的EC50为9.16 mg·L^-1,其他6种菌剂的EC50均高于10 mg·L^-1,其中抑制效果最差的为8%宁南霉素,EC50仅为2851.31 mg·L^-1。田间防效试验证明,药后20 d,0.3%丁子香酚防效最好,达到89.44%,其次为1%蛇床子素,为77.17%,排第3的为0.5%苦参碱,防效为62.37%,其他杀菌剂防效均低于60%,防效最差的依然为8%宁南霉素,仅为2.73%。通过检测供试菌剂对铁皮石斛生长的影响,证明所有菌剂对铁皮石斛植株生长安全,无药害产生。该研究为铁皮石斛灰霉病的安全、有效防控提供研究基础。

Through investigation,it was found that the main disease of leaves was grey mold on Dendrobium officinale in Hubei province,which has a great impact on the yield and quality of D.officinale.The identification of morphological and molecular biological was used to prove that the pathogen was Botrytis cinerea.Through test the effect of 5 plant source fungicides and 4 antibiotic fungicides on mycelial growth of strain HS1,which proved 0.3%eugenol had the best inhibitory effect,EC50 was 0.29 mg·L^-1,the second was1%osthol and EC50 was 1.12 mg·L^-1,the EC50 of 0.5%matrine was 9.16 mg·L^-1,the EC50 of the other six fungicides was higher than 10 mg·L^-1.The field control effect test proved that 0.3%eugenol had the best control effect,reaching 89.44%,secondly for 1%osthole,which was 77.17%,0.5%matrine was in the third place with 62.37%of effective rate.However,the control effect of the other fungicides was less than 60%.The three plant-derived fungicides were safe for the produce of D.officinale and showed no phytotoxicity.The effect of these fungicides on the growth of D.candidum was tested,and proved that all the fungicides were safe and harmless to D.candidum.This study provides a research basis for the safe and effective prevention and control gray mold of D.officinale.