魂归于墓:中古招魂葬略论

Call the Soul Back to the Tomb: Burial of Summoning Soul in the Middle Ages

招魂葬主要盛行于东晋和唐代,是一种针对非正常死亡而遗体不可得者的特殊葬式,以特殊方式体现了墓葬的藏形和安魂功能。墓葬功能的改变是招魂葬出现的重要原因,汉代以后墓葬和宗庙、祠堂一样成为安魂之所,墓葬既可藏形,亦可安魂。招魂葬在图像配置、礼仪空间以及墓志等方面存在一些有意而为的行为。

The summoning soul burial,mostly prevailing in Eastern Jin and Tang dynasties,was a kind of special burial tradition.This special burial was used when the corpse was unavailable in case of abnormal death.It is a reflection of the dual functions of burial:bury the corpse and comfort the soul.The change of burial function is an important reason for the occurrence of soul burial.After Han dynasty tombs,just like the ancestral halls,had become the place of comforting the soul,thus a tomb was not only a burial chamber,but also an important place for sacrifice.This paper also discusses some intentional arrangements such as the image configurations,ritual space,and epitaph contents in the soul burial tradition.