批判法律理论的场域——从《秋菊打官司》看批判法律理论的转向

The Field of Critical Legal Studies in China——Turn to Synthesis in Legal Critical Studies on the Story of Qiu Ju

本文试图将法学界围绕《秋菊打官司》所形成的批判法律理论置于国际政治场域、国内体制改革的政治场域以及由此形成的中国文化思想场域中,通过学界对《秋菊打官司》的解读,考察批判法律理论放弃了批判立场而走向妥协,并最终形成了古典礼法传统、社会主义政法传统和改革开放以来形成的法治传统之间的综合的深层原因。批判法律理论走向妥协和综合,一方面由于中国体制改革带来了政治场域变化,在强调法治的体制改革逻辑中,政党的定位一度变得模糊不清,另一方面移植而来的西方法逐渐融入中国社会生活,这种"超前立法"推动了中国崛起。在这种背景下,中国法理学应当走出"帝国边陲地带"的思考,走出移植法与本土法对立的"转型法律多元主义"理论,立足中华法系礼法互动的古典传统,总结当代中国法治实践中党规与国法互动的经验,探索新的法治发展道路。

In the genealogy of the critical legal studies upon the film the Story of Qiu Ju, Ling Bin began to turned his critical stance to compromise, and Zhang Yongle and Xu Bin tried to realize the " Three Unification" synthesizing three legal traditions in China, Chinese classical ritual-legal tradition, the socialist political-legal tradition and the western capitalist legal tradition transplanted since 1980 s. This article attempts to put the critical legal studies into the field of international political order, the field of domestic political reforms and the field of political ideologies, and examine why the critical legal studies turned from critical stance to compromise and synthesis. In the political fields, reform of the political system made the political line ambiguous, especially the Party’ s role in the constitutional system. At the same time, the transplanted western law has been gradually integrated into the social life in China and promoted the rise of China. So it is necessary for Chinese legal scholars to give up legal thinking in the frontier of American world empire, get out of the theory of legal pluralism in transformational society based upon transplanted law and indigenous law, and explore the ideal legal order for the future of human civilization.