浮标基海洋观测系统研究进展

Research progress of a mooring buoy system for sea surface and seafloor observation

面向海表和海底立体观测与探测的需求,构建了一种新概念的浮标基海洋观测系统,获取时间、空间同步的水文/气象/水质观测数据、海表/海底摄录数据,并实时回传到岸基数据中心.将浮标、海底接驳盒采用光电复合缆连接起来,通过浮标、光电缆为海底观测系统供电;同时,将海底观测信息通过光电缆传输到海表浮标,然后通过卫星通信/无线通信将水面、海底的观测数据传输到岸基,实现了海底、海表观测数据的实时传输.系统在通信、系留、能源等方面进行了全新的设计,并构建了“海底观测(接驳盒)-以太网-光交换机-光电复合缆-光交换机-以太网-卫星(浮标)”的通信链路.为实现浮标系留,采用纤维材料设计了中性的光电复合缆,降低了对浮标储备浮力的要求,并适用于大深度的布放.针对光电缆能源传输方式及海底供电要求,采用风能/太阳光能互补方式供电,采用直流升压/降压等方式解决系留缆直流输电问题.为实现系统在深海的布放,设计了专用绞车.通过绞车依次布放海底节点、缆,避免使用遥控水下机器人安装操作和海底湿插拔技术,降低了系统的成本和试验的风险.通过近海试验,验证了整套通信链路的可靠性,以及系统长期、稳定供电的能力,掌握了系统的布放回收技术.该系统满足了海表、海底实时观测与数据传输的需求,实现了海表、海底的同步观测;并实现了海表/海底摄录数据的实时回传,在深远海声学、地质、地震等方面观测具有重要意义.

Because ocean observation of the sea surface and seafloor is in three dimensions,a new ocean observation system is established.This system synchronously collects hydrological,meteorological,and water quality information and video(seafloor and seafloor)data and can transmit this data to a shore monitoring center in a real-time mode.This system includes an ocean buoy(on the surface),seafloor junction box(on the seafloor),and electro-optical-mechanical(EOM)cable.The EOM cable,acting as a transmission medium for power and communication,connects the buoy and seafloor junction box.Power is transmitted from the buoy to the seafloor node through the EOM cable.The seafloor data is transmitted to the surface buoy via optical fiber communication.At last,the seafloor and sea surface observational data are transmitted to a shore monitoring center via satellite or wireless in real-time mode.Owing to the needs of buoy mooring,data transition,and power offering,the system is redesigned compared to traditional buoys.The communication link is constructed as follows:seafloor observation(underwater junction box)-Ethemet(underwater junction box)-optical Ethernet switch-EOM cable-optical Ethernet switch-Ethemet(buoy)-satellite(buoy).For mooring the surface buoy,a neutral buoyancy cable with optical fibers and electronic wires is designed.The load-bearing layer of the EOM cable comprises fibrous material that reduces the requirement of the buoy reserve buoyancy.Thus,the cable is neutral in seawater and can be deployed at great depth.A wind power generator and solar are combined to provide power to the buoy and seafloor node.A DC-DC boost/decrease inverter modular is utilized to adjust the voltage for power transmission via the EOM cable.To deploy the system in the deep sea,a winch is designed to launch the EOM cable and recover the EOM cable and seafloor node without a remote-operated-underwater-vehicle or wet plugging technology,which reduces the cost and the risk in sea trials.Through an offshore test,the reliability of the whole communication link and the feasibility of the launch and recovery process are verified.This system has long-term endurance and a stable power supply capabilities for sea surface and seafloor observation.Moreover,this system satisfies the requirements of real-time observation and information transmission of sea surface and seafloor.Particularly,the seafloor and surface video data can be transmitted to a shore monitoring center,which is of great significance in observation of sea acoustics,geology,and earthquakes.