胰岛α细胞功能调控及研究进展

Research progress on the regulation of pancreatic islet alpha cell function

糖尿病患者发生胰岛β细胞功能缺陷和数量减少,同时伴随α细胞功能紊乱和胰升血糖素的不适当分泌。提示胰岛α细胞功能紊乱参与糖尿病发病。在代谢应激条件下,胰岛α细胞激活胰岛内的胰升血糖素样肽1,抑制胰升血糖素释放,调节与保护胰岛β细胞。提示胰岛α细胞与β细胞之间可能存在调节与联系,在某些特定条件下,可诱导胰岛α细胞向β细胞转分化。表观遗传修饰、外源性药物可能参与胰岛α细胞的功能调控。

Diabetic patients suffer from islet beta cell dysfunction and decrease in number,accompanied by alpha cell dysfunction and inappropriate secretion of glucagon.It is suggested that islet alpha cell dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.Under metabolic stress,islet alpha cells activate glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in islets,inhibit glucagon release,and regulate and protect islet beta cells.There may be a regulatory connection between islet alpha cells and beta cells.Under some specific conditions,pancreatic islet alpha cells can be induced to transform into beta cells.More clinical studies are needed to confirm the transformation of human islet alpha cells into beta cells.Epigenetic modification and exogenous drugs may also be involved in the functional regulation of islet alpha cells.