初级职称护理人员对乙型病毒性肝炎认知、态度和行为的现场调查

Field investigation of the cognition,attitude and behavior of junior professional nurses with hepatitis B

目的了解初级职称护理人员对乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)认知、态度和行为,为开展乙肝防治培训和健康教育提供参考。方法2018年5~7月对86名初级职称护理人员进行问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析乙肝知识影响因素。结果86名初级职称护理人员乙肝防治知识得分最低6分、最高12分,平均(9.2±2.3)分,知晓率为81.39%;"乙肝疫苗全程接种后3~5年需要接种加强针""被病毒污染的食物和水"知识点回答正确率均低于70%;行为方面,100.00%的初级职称护理人员用完注射器后全部回套针帽和参加过体检;态度方面,100.00%的初级职称护理人员认为护士有必要接种乙肝疫苗;不同学历、工作年限、乙肝相关知识培训次数的初级职称护理人员乙肝知识知晓率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=7.190、6.159、7.403,P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:学历、工作年限、乙肝相关知识培训次数是初级职称护理人员乙肝知识知晓率的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论初级职称护理人员对乙肝知识知晓情况整体处于中等水平,尚不能够满足临床护理工作的需要。亟需加强对初级职称护理人员乙肝相关知识及职业暴露防护的培训。

Objective To understand the cognition,attitude and behavior of primary-level nurses on hepatitis B and to provide reference for the training and health education of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 86 junior professional nurses from May to July in 2018.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of hepatitis B knowledge.Results The scores of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge among 86 junior professional nurses were the lowest 6 points and the highest 12 points,with an average of(9.2±2.3)points and an awareness rate of 81.39%.The correct rates of answers to the knowledge points of"The hepatitis B vaccine need to be inoculated again in3~5 years after the whole course of vaccination"and"food and water contaminated by virus"were all less than 70%.In terms of behavior,100.00%of the junior professional nurses returned to the trocar cap after using the syringe and participated in the physical examination.At the attitude,100.00%of the junior professional nurses believed that it was necessary for the nurse to receive hepatitis B vaccine.There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of hepatitis B knowledge among primary nursing staff with different academic qualifications,working years,and number of knowledge-related trainings for hepatitis B(χ^2=7.190,6.159,7.403,P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that academic qualifications,working years and the number of knowledge-related trainings for hepatitis B were the influencing factors of the awareness rate of hepatitis B knowledge among the junior professional nurses(P<0.05).Conclusion The knowledge of hepatitis B among the junior professional nurses is generally at a medium level and is still unable to meet the needs of clinical nursing work.There is an urgent need to strengthen training on hepatitis B related knowledge and occupational exposure protection for primary professional care workers.