四川省泸州市儿童家长手足口病认知及EV71疫苗接种意愿调查

Investigation on cognition of hand-foot-mouth disease and willingness to vaccinate EV71 of children’s parents in Luzhou City of Sichuan Province

目的了解泸州市儿童家长手足口病认知和肠道病毒71型(EV71)疫苗接种意愿,并为相关人员做好手足口病知识健康宣教和推广EV71疫苗接种提供参考意见。方法于2018年8月1日-10月1日,采用整群抽样法,选择居住地为泸州市的儿童家长作为调查对象,调查对象分别来源于散居、幼儿园以及医院。本次调查共发放问卷450份,剔除不合格问卷,剩余有效问卷409份。结果本次调查结果显示,受访家长手足口病总知晓率为65%,且家长与儿童关系(χ^2=15.55,P<0.01)、文化程度(χ^2=61.93,P<0.01)、家庭月收入(χ^2=32.60,P<0.01)、长期居住地(χ^2=25.26,P<0.01)、儿童来源(χ^2=19.30,P<0.01)是知晓情况的影响因素。接种意愿方面有52.1%的家长表示愿意接种,有47.9%的家长表示不愿意接种。接种意愿受家长认为手足口病的危害程度(OR=1.367,95%CI=1.025~1.823)、家长对接种机构的满意程度(OR=2.371,95%CI=1.713~3.282)、家长对手足口病知识及EV71疫苗的知晓情况(OR=0.529,95%CI=0.322~0.869)、儿童患病概率(OR=1.452,95%CI=1.049~2.010)以及儿童来源(幼儿园:OR=0.427,95%CI=0.237~0.771;医院:OR=0.445,95%CI=0.254~0.778)等多因素影响。在家长选择愿意接种的原因中排首位的是以孩子的健康为主,不希望孩子患病;而选择不愿意接种的原因中排首位的是担心疫苗的安全和不良反应。同时对疫苗接种的建议中排首位的也是对疫苗安全的严格把控。结论医务人员、疾病预防控制人员等对手足口病及EV71疫苗相关知识的健康宣教应该更有针对性。同时,相关机构应该对疫苗的生产、使用等环节严格把关,以确保疫苗的安全使用,为推广EV71疫苗接种奠定坚实基础。

Objective To understand the cognition of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)and willingness to vaccinate EV71 of children's parents in Luzhou City,provide references for relevant personnel to carry out the health education of HFMD knowledge and promotion of EV71 vaccination.Methods From August 1st to October 1st,2018,the cluster sampling method was used to select the parents of children who lived in Luzhou City,and the subjects were from live scattered children,kindergarten and hospital.A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 409 valid questionnaires remained after excluding unqualified questionnaires.Results The survey results showed that the total awareness rate of HFMD among parents was 65%,and the relationship between parents and children(χ^2=15.55,P<0.01),education level(χ^2=61.93,P<0.01),family monthly income(χ^2=32.60,P<0.01),long-term residence(χ^2=25.26,P<0.01),child source(χ^2=19.30,P<0.01)were the influencing factors.In terms of vaccination intention,52.1%of parents said they would like to be vaccinated,while 47.9%said they would not.The vaccination intention was affected by many factors,such as the degree of harm that parents think HFMD is(OR=1.367,95%CI=1.025-1.823),the satisfaction of parents with the vaccination institution(OR=2.371,95%CI=1.713-3.282),parents'awareness rate of HFMD and EV71 vaccine(OR=0.529,95%CI=0.322-0.869),prevalence probability of children(OR=1.452,95%CI=1.049-2.010)and the source of children(OR=0.427,95%CI=0.237-0.771;OR=0.445,95%CI=0.254-0.778).Among the reasons why parents choose to be vaccinated,the top priority was the child's health,and the child is not expected to be ill.The first reason for choosing not to be vaccinated was to worry about the safety and adverse reactions of the vaccine.At the same time,strict control of vaccine safety was also the top priority in the recommendations for vaccination.Conclusion The promotion of knowledge about HFMD and the EV71 vaccine should be more targeted when medical staff and CDC personnel conducting health education.At the same time,relevant agencies should strictly control the production and use of vaccines in order to ensure the safe use of vaccines and lay a solid foundation for the promotion of EV71 vaccination.