2015—2017学年广州市海珠区6～12岁学生常见病监测结果

Common disease surveillance results of students aged 6-12 years old in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City during 2015-2017 school year

目的 了解2015-2017学年广州市海珠区6~12岁学生常见病的患病情况和变化趋势,为本地预防控制学生常见病发生发展提供参考依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样广州市海珠区38间小学,调查2015-2017学年579 438人次健康监测资料,对视力低下、营养不良、超重、肥胖、龋齿和沙眼等健康数据进行分析。结果 视力低下(49.64%)居海珠区6~12岁学生常见病首位,2015-2017学年检出率分别为49.40%、47.44%和51.99%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=136.95,P<0.05)。营养不良(12.84%)、超重(11.97%)和肥胖(9.81%)分列2~4位。营养不良检出率呈上升趋势,依次为12.03%、12.27%和14.13%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=77.44,P<0.05)。超重和肥胖变化较为平稳,龋齿和沙眼则逐年下降。结论 2015-2017学年广州市海珠区6~12岁学生常见病不容乐观,近视防控和均衡饮食是学生常见病防治重点,应积极采取干预措施,营造良好环境保障青少年健康成长。

Objective To understand the prevalence and trends of common diseases among students aged 6-12 years old in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City during 2015-2017 school year,provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of common diseases among students in this area.Methods 38 primary schools in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City were collected by a random cluster sampling,to investigate the health monitoring data of 579438 person-times in 2015-2017 school year.An analysis was performed on health data such as low vision,malnutrition,overweight,obesity,dental caries and trachoma.Results Low vision(49.64%)ranked first in the common diseases among students aged 6-12 years old in Haizhu District,the detection rate during 2015-2017 school year was respectively 49.40%,47.44%,and 51.99%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=136.95,P<0.05).The malnutrition(12.84%),overweight(11.97%)and obesity(9.81%)ranked second to fourth.The detection rate of malnutrition showed an upward trend,which was respectively12.03%,12.27%and 14.13%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=77.44,P<0.05).The changes in overweight and obesity were relatively stable,and the detection rates of caries and trachoma were decreasing year by year.Conclusion The common diseases among students aged 6-12 years old in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City are not optimistic during 2015-2017 school year.Myopia prevention and control and balanced diet are the key points for the prevention for common diseases among students.Active intervention measures should be taken to create a good environment to ensure the healthy growth of adolescents.