不宁腿综合征的诊断与治疗进展

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome

不宁腿综合征(RLS)是临床常见的病因不明的睡-醒紊乱性疾病,分为原发性和继发性两种,完善血清铁离子、铁蛋白检查等有助于其诊断.RLS发病机制可能与遗传因素、铁蛋白缺失、多巴胺转运功能异常、神经递质紊乱、局部神经解剖功能异常等有关.治疗上轻症者可选用非药物治疗方式,中重症者可选择药物治疗方式.本文结合近年文献,综述RLS的诊断、发病机制、药物治疗的进展.

Restless legs syndrome(RLS)is defined as a sleep-wake disorder,with the key feature being an urge to move,which can be classified as two types as primary RLS and secondary RLS.Iron deficiency is a key role of RLS,low levels of serum ferritin is noted in RLS lab tests.Pathophysiology of RLS is complex,genetic variants,anatomical network vulnerability,neurotransmission abnormalities and abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission may all contribute to its pathogenesis.The mild RLS can choose non-drug therapy,but most of the patients need drug therapy especially the severe cases.The aboved aspects are discussed in this review based on recent literatures.