自感光视网膜神经节细胞的功能及其与眼科相关疾病的关系

Function of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells and eye related diseases

自感光视网膜神经节细胞(intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells,ipRGC)是哺乳动物视网膜中除视锥和视杆细胞之外的感光神经元细胞。ipRGC可接收来自视锥和视杆细胞传递的信号参与成像视觉功能,还参与瞳孔对光反射、昼夜节律、睡眠与情绪调控等多种非成像视觉功能。在青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性等常见眼病的发生和发展过程中,ipRGC的非成像视觉功能发生相应变化,对于疾病诊断、病情监测和预后分析具有重要价值。在研究眼病变化过程中发现ipRGC存在一种能耐受损伤的特质。本文就ipRGC的分类和功能、其在眼科相关疾病中的表现及其抗损伤机制予以综述。

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGCs)is another photoreceptor besides rod and cone cells in the mammalian retina.These ipRGC could convey information from the rod and cone cells,participating in imaging visual function.Furthermore,these cells are critical for non-image forming functions,such as pupillary light reflex,circadian photoentrainment control,mood and sleep regulation.These cells could provid significant role in the occurrence and development of relevant eye diseases.Furthermore,studies have shown that ipRGC are more injury-resistant following optic nerve injury.Therefore,this article reviews the classification and function of ipRGC,the manifestations in ophthalmology-related diseases and the anti-injury mechanism.Here we review the recent advances about classification,physicalfunctions and injury-resistant character under certain conditions of these neurons.