夏冬季节焦炉工作业环境多环芳烃浓度监测评价

Monitoring and evaluation on concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in working environment of coke oven in summer and winter

目的了解济南市钢城区焦炉工作业场所中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及对作业工人的健康风险。方法于2015年12月和2016年7月分别检测作业场所空气中PAHs的水平,用苯并芘(BaP)致癌和致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度及预期寿命损失3个指标来评价焦炉工作业人群暴露多环芳烃的健康风险。结果检测焦化作业环境中16种PAHs含量,炉底、炉侧、炉顶BaP浓度是我国大气环境标准的11.78~380.78倍,均不同程度高于非焦炉作业环境(P<0.05)。焦炉作业环境中的PAHs,颗粒相中以五环、六环的化合物为主,气相中以两环、三环、四环的化合物为主。萘含量是所监测16种PAHs中含量最高的化合物,在冬季,萘含量占全部PAHs浓度的61.67%~73.38%,夏季,含量较高的2种化合物萘和苊烯占全部PAHs浓度的30.30%~45.32%。随炉底、炉侧、炉顶位置变化,各PAHs有不同程度增高趋势(P<0.05),炉顶浓度最高,在夏季梯度变化更为明显(P<0.05)。颗粒相PAHs暴露风险明显高于气相PAHs暴露风险(冬季为21.82~40.68倍,夏季为34.91~102.94倍),炉顶作业的年均致癌等效浓度分别是炉底和炉侧作业的13.54倍和3.14倍,夏季的等效致癌浓度是冬季的1.44~26.96倍。炉底、炉侧、炉顶作业工人PAHs超额致癌危险度和预期寿命损失依次增高(P<0.05),从事炉顶作业10年超额致癌危险度为3.00%,预期寿命损失达129.62d。结论焦化厂作业场所中PAHs污染严重,焦炉作业环境中针对PAHs的作业防护措施应主要针对细颗粒物,炉顶作业、夏季作业应作为防护重点。PAHs对焦炉工健康影响严重,焦炉工PAHs暴露致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失较高。

Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in coke oven workplaces and the health risks to workers in Gangcheng district,Jinan city.Methods The levels of PAHs in the air of the workplace were detected in December 2015and July 2016,respectively.The carcinogenic and mutagenic equivalent concentrations of Benzopyrene(BaP),lifetime carcinogenic excess and loss of life expectancy were used to evaluate the health risks of exposure to PAHs in coke oven workers.Results The content of 16kinds of PAHs in the coking operation environment was detected.The BaP concentration at the bottom,the side and the top of coke oven was 11.78-380.78 times of China's atmospheric environmental standard,which were higher than the non-coke oven working environment(P<0.05).The PAHs in the coke oven operating environment were mainly composed of 5-ring and 6-ring compounds in the particle phase,and 2-ring,3-ring and 4-ring compounds in the gas phase.The content of naphthalene was the highest among the 16PAHs monitored.In winter,the content of naphthalene accounted for 61.67%-73.38%of the total PAHs concentration.In summer,the 2compounds with high content of naphthalene and acenaphthene accounted for 30.30%-45.32%of the total PAHs concentration.With the position change of the coke oven bottom,side and top,the PAHs tended to increase in varying degrees(P<0.05),the coke oven top concentration was the highest,and the gradient change was more obvious in sum mer(P<0.05).It was also found that the exposure risk of particulate phase PAHs was significantly higher than that of gas phase PAHs(21.82-40.68 times in winter and 34.91-102.94times in summer).The average annual carcinogenic equivalent concentration of coke oven top operation was 13.54times and 3.14times of coke oven bottom and side operation,respectively,and the equivalent carcinogenic concentration in summer was 1.44-26.96times of winter.The risk of excessive carcinogenesis in the coke oven top for 10years was 3.00%,and the loss of life expectancy reached 129.62days.Conclusion PAHs pollution in coking plant workplaces is serious.The operation protection measures for PAHs in coke oven operation environment should be mainly aimed at fine particles,and coke oven top operation and summer operation should be taken as the protection focus.PAHs have a serious impact on the health of coke oven workers,whose exposure to PAHs leads to higher carcinogenic excess risk and life expectancy loss.