6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of exclusive breastfeeding for infants within 6 months

目的母乳喂养是婴儿喂养最佳选择,不仅对婴儿生长发育起积极作用,而且可加速母乳喂养者产后恢复,同时还有利于建立和谐母婴关系,增进母婴交流。本研究分析6个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素,为纯母乳喂养提供理论支撑。方法收集2016-01-01-2018-12-30郑州大学附属儿童医院<6个月婴儿母亲1000名作为研究对象,给予纯母乳喂养相关问卷调查。问卷调查主要包括母亲年龄、学历、户口类型、家庭月收入、产假、分娩方式、胎次、纯母乳信心、家人态度、开奶时间和是否夜间哺乳等,分析纯母乳喂养影响因素。结果1000名被调查母亲,纯母乳喂养620名(62%),非纯母乳喂养380名(38%)。单因素分析结果表明,母亲年龄、学历、户口类型、家庭月收入、产假、分娩方式、胎次、纯母乳信心、家人态度、开奶时间和是否夜间哺乳是纯母乳喂养影响因素,均P<0.05。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,高学历(OR=0.768,95%CI为0.612~0.981,P=0.035)、无夜间哺乳(OR=1.801,95%CI为1.163~2.776,P=0.007)、家庭收入高(OR=0.702,95%CI为0.565~0.902,P=0.002)、无产假(OR=3.915,95%CI为2.813~5.476,P=0.001)、家人支持度低(OR=1.581,95%CI为1.102~2.262,P=0.012)、怀胎次数多(OR=0.694,95%CI为0.522~0.926,P=0.011)、缺乏母乳喂养信心(OR=1.549,95%CI为1.118~2.077,P=0.004)和开奶时间晚(OR=1.465,95%CI为1.285~1.661,P<0.001)是影响母乳喂养的不利因素。结论高学历、无夜间哺乳、家庭收入高、无产假、家人支持度低、怀胎次数多、缺乏母乳喂养信心和开奶时间晚是影响母乳喂养的不利因素。

OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding is the best choice for infant feeding.It not only plays an active role in promoting infant growth and development,but also accelerates the recovery of breastfeeders after delivery.It is also conducive to the establishment of harmonious mother-child relationship and the promotion of mother-child communication.This study analyzes the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding of infants within 6 months of age,in order to provide theoretical support for exclusive breastfeeding.METHODS Totally 1000 mothers of infants(within 6 months of age)in our hospital from January 1,2016 to December 30,2018 were collected as research subjects,and were given questionnaires about exclusive breastfeeding.Questionnaire survey mainly included mother′s age,education,type of household registration,family monthly income,maternity leave,mode of delivery,parity,confidence in pure breast milk,family attitude,time of breastfeeding and whether breast-feeding at night.RESULTS Among the 1 000 mothers surveyed,620(62%)were exclusively breastfed and 380(38%)were not exclusively breastfed.Univariate analysis showed that age,educational background,type of household registration,family monthly income,maternity leave,mode of delivery,parity,confidence in pure breast milk,attitude of family,time of opening milk and whether breast-feeding at night were the factors affecting pure breast-feeding,all P<0.05.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high education(OR=0.768,95% CI:0.612-0.981,P=0.035),no night nursing(OR=1.801,95% CI:1.163-2.776,P=0.007),high family income(OR=0.702,95% CI:0.565-0.902,P=0.002),low family support(OR=1.581,95% CI:1.102-2.262,P=0.012),more pregnancies(OR=0.694,95% CI:0.522-0.926,P=0.011),lack of breastfeeding confidence(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.118-2.077,P=0.004)and late start of breastfeeding(OR=1.465,95% CI:1.285-1.661,P<0.001)were the negative factors affecting breastfeeding.CONCLUSION Higher education,no nighttime breastfeeding,high family income,no maternity leave,low family support,more pregnancies,lack of confidence in breastfeeding,late start of breastfeeding are the negative factors affecting breastfeeding.