2008-2017年肥城市手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease in Feicheng City from 2008 to 2017

目的手足口病是一种比较常见的急性传染性疾病,大多发生在0~5岁婴幼儿,容易在学校和幼儿园等机构出现暴发疫情,作为目前我国法定传染性疾病,很多重症患儿病情进展快,对儿童身心健康有严重影响。本研究对2008-2017年肥城市手足口病病例资料进行分析,了解肥城市手足口病流行情况,为卫生健康行政部门制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2008-2017年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中传染病信息报告管理系统的手足口病疫情资料,病例流行病学资料、实验室资料和疫情处置资料分别来源于肥城市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科、泰安市疾病预防控制中心反馈的实验室检测结果。对选取资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2008-2017年全市共报告手足口病7516例,年平均发病率为770.62/10万。发病时间主要集中在5~8月,共报告5085例,占67.66%。2008-2017年肥城市14个镇街均有病例报告,发病数居前3位的分别为新城街道办事处2035例、王瓜店街道办事处949例及石横镇612例,占报告总数的47.84%,发病数较低的镇街为潮泉镇和孙伯镇。男女发病之比为1.52∶1,多发生于<5岁儿童,发病7089例,占94.32%;高发人群为散居儿童,发病5486例,占72.99%;其次为幼托儿童,发病1747例,占23.24%;学生218例,占2.90%;其他65例,占0.87%。肥城市手足口病病原体主要以EV-A71型和CV-A16型为主,2008、2011和2015年流行株为EV-A71型,2010、2012、2014和2016年流行株主要为CV-A16型。结论手足口病发病呈明显季节性,发病以<5岁儿童为主,应加强重点人群中综合性预防控制措施的落实,做好儿童手足口病的预防控制,从而降低发病率,减少重症死亡病例的发生。

OBJECTIVE Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a relatively common acute infectious disease,most of which occurs in infants and young children aged 0-5 years.It is easy to have an outbreak in schools and other institutions.As a legal infectious disease in China,many children with severe diseases have rapid progress,which has a serious impact on children′s physical and mental health.The study aims to analyze the data of HFMD cases in Feicheng City from 2008 to 2017,understand the prevalence of HFMD in our city,and provide scientific basis for the health and family planning administrative department to formulate prevention and control strategies.METHODS The epidemiological data,laboratory data and epidemic disposal data of HFMD in the information reporting and management system of infectious diseases in China′s disease prevention and control information system from 2008 to 2017 were collected from the infectious disease prevention and control department of Feicheng CDC and the laboratory test results fed back by Taian CDC,respectively.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on selected data.RESULTS From 2008 to 2017,7516 cases of HFMD were reported,with an average annual incidence of 770.62/100000.The onset time was mainly from May to August.A total of 5085 cases(67.66%)were reported in this period.From 2008to 2017,cases were reported in 14 towns and streets in Feicheng City.The top three towns and streets were Xincheng Street(2035 cases),Wangguadian Street(949 cases)and Shiheng Town(612 cases),accounting for 47.84% of the total number of reported cases.Chaoquan Town and Sunbo Town had the lowest incidence.The ratio of male to female morbidity was 1.52∶1.The HFMD mostly occurred in children under 5 years old,with 7089 cases(94.32%).The high-risk group was scattered children,with 5486 cases(72.99%),followed by kindergarten children,with 1747 cases(23.24%),students with 218cases(2.90%),and other 65cases(0.87%).The main pathogens of HFMD in Feicheng were EV-A71and CV-A16.The epidemic strains in 2008,2011 and 2015were EV-A71.The epidemic strains in 2010,2012,2014 and 2016 were CV-A16.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of HFMD is seasonal.And the disease mainly occurs in children under 5 years old.The implementation of comprehensive preventive and control measures in key populations should be strengthened to prevent and control children′s HFMD,thereby reducing the incidence and the occurrence of severe deaths.