贵阳市居民对大健康认知及其医院功能需求调查分析

Investigation and analysis of residents′ cognition of massive health and their functional needs of hospitals in Guiyang

目的随着健康中国战略的推进及居民健康需求的多层次、多样性发展,对医院全方位、全要素的服务功能也提出新的时代要求。本研究通过了解贵阳市居民对于大健康认知及医院功能的需求状况,提出对策建议,为完善居民健康服务相关政策提供科学依据。方法选取2018-05-16-2018-09-11贵州医科大学附属医院、贵州省人民医院和花溪人民医院3家医院的就诊患者及家属(300名)和普通成年居民(513名)共813名进行问卷调查,内容包括人口学特征、对大健康理念了解和医院功能区的需求等,对居民大健康知识知晓率和医院功能需求情况进行描述统计。采用χ^2检验比较不同特征居民医院功能需求差异。结果共发放问卷813份,回收有效问卷797份,回收率98%。不同年龄(χ^2=17.100,P<0.05)、文化程度(χ^2=63.224,P<0.05)、职业(χ^2=106.300,P<0.05)和月收入水平(χ^2=20.447,P<0.05)居民对大健康理念的了解程度比较,差异有统计学意义;居民最期望增加医院功能区依次是“育婴专区”(85.95%)、“健康乐园”(78.42%)、“养老服务专区”(75.16%)和“VR康养旅游区”(75.03%);不同性别、年龄对“养老服务专区”的需求差异有统计学意义,均P<0.05。结论居民对大健康理念的认知度不够,对医院功能区的需求呈多样性;受访者对“育婴专区”“养老服务区”和“VR康复旅游区”的期望程度受性别、年龄影响。应进一步向居民推广大健康理念,并且体现在大型综合医院功能设置上。

OBJECTIVE With the promotion of Healthy China Strategy and the multi-level and diversified development of residents′health needs,new requirements have been put forward for the all-directional and all-factor service functions of hospitals.This study aims to provide scientific basis for improving residents′health service policies by understanding residents′awareness of massive health and the demand status of hospital functions,and proposing countermeasures and suggestions.METHODS From May 16 to September 11in 2018,a total of 813 persons were investigated by questionnaire including 300 patients with their families visiting affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Guizhou provincial people′s hospital and Huaxi district people′s hospital and 513 ordinary adult residents in convenience sampling.The contents of questionnaire included demographic characteristics,understanding of the concept of massive health and the needs of hospital functional areas.In addition,the awareness rate of residents′massive health knowledge and the functional requirements of hospitals were described and statistically analyzed,and to compare the different needs of residents with different characteristics for hospital functions.RESULTS A total of 813 questionnaires were distributed and 797 were effectively recovered,with a recovery rate of 98.03%.There were significant differences in the understanding of health concept among residents of different ages(χ^2=17.100,P<0.05),educational level(χ^2=63.224,P<0.05),occupation(χ^2=106.300,P<0.05)and monthly income level(χ^2=20.447,P<0.05).The hospital functional areas that residents most expected to increase were infant care area(85.95%),followed by health paradise(78.42%),old-age service area(75.16%)and VR health tourism area(75.03%).There were statistically significant differences in the needs of different gender and age education objects for the special area of old-age care services,both P<0.05.CONCLUSIONS Residents′awareness of the concept of massive health is not enough,and their demands for hospital functions are diversified.The respondents′expectations for the infant care area,old-age service area and VR rehabilitation tourism area in the hospital affected by gender,age and education background.The concept of massive health should be further promoted to the residents,and be incorporated into the function setting of large general hospitals.