基于“海上丝绸之路”通道安全的海外港口战略布局研究

The strategic layout of the overseas ports based on the channel security of the Maritime Silk Road

本文研究了"海上丝绸之路"通道网络安全的海外港口布局,对沿线集装箱港口及航线挂靠情况进行统计分析,探讨了"海上丝绸之路"主要通道通航受阻时网络连通性的变化。根据地缘特点,对"海上丝绸之路"所覆盖海域的通道安全进行了风险分析;为加强"海上丝绸之路"运输网络的风险控制,保障其互联互通,结合地缘风险探讨了近年来我国对"海上丝绸之路"沿线港口投资的分布状况。研究表明,为加强"海上丝绸之路"的畅通性,应在保障本国港口和周边海域海上通行安全的同时,积极参与全球不稳定因素的治理,进一步加强"海上丝绸之路"各个国家间的友好往来;重点加强在莫桑比克海峡和英吉利海峡周围的港口布点;在主动布局各海上通道投资港口的同时,还应不断加强海上军事力量建设,建立海外军事基地,提升海军的远洋能力,增加我国在重要海上通道周边海域的军事存在;积极推动沿线国家的政治互信,促进区域的和平发展。本文成果对于科学规划我国在"海上丝绸之路"的海外港口布局具有重要借鉴价值。

To study the state of shipping network of the Maritime Silk Road,the statistics of the corresponding ports and routs along the Road was conducted in this paper. Combining with the geographic features, this paper analyzed the changes of the network connectivity when the sea lanes were interrupted. According to the geopolitical characteristics, risk analysis is carried out on the main sea areas covered by the maritime Silk Road. Finally, in order to strengthen the risk control of the "maritime Silk Road" transportation network and ensure its interconnection and intercommunication, based on the geopolitical risk analysis, this paper researches the distributions that China’s enterprises invested the oversea ports along the Maritime Silk Road in recent years. The results show that in order to strengthen the smoothness of the Maritime Silk Road, China should actively participate in the governance of global instability factors while ensuring the safety of the ports and surrounding sea areas. In addition, China should strengthen the communication among the countries of the Maritime Silk Road. Besides, China’s enterprises should invest the ports which were located in the surrounding areas of the Mozambique Strait, the English Channel. In addition, China should constantly strengthen the construction of maritime military to enhance the navy’s ocean-going capability in the sea areas around important sea lanes. Finally, China should Actively promote political mutual trust among countries along the road to promote peaceful development. The results of this paper are of great reference value for the scientific layout of China’s overseas port layout on the "maritime Silk Road".