全球创新城市优势产业耦合协调发展研究——基于美国36个大都市区的实证

Research on the coordinated development of advantage industries in global innovation cities——Testimony from 36 American metropolitans

科技发展与产业发展始终密不可分,厘清科技创新城市产业发展的一般特征和趋势,对于建设具有全球影响力的科技创新中心十分重要。为了考量全球创新城市产业之间的协同发展程度,引入耦合理论构建研究逻辑和路径,以创新优势明显的36个美国大都市区作为研究对象,选取信息业、专业与商业服务业、制造业、金融业4个优势产业。基于2007和2012年的产业截面数据,确定各产业系统的评价指标体系,采用耦合协调模型对样本城市4个产业系统的耦合发展态势进行实证分析。研究结果表明,样本城市的产业发展类型可分为单业、混业、同步三大类,其中,单业的样本数有所减少,产业协同发展趋向明显。具体到产业,制造业的主导地位十分突出,专业与商业服务业、信息业以及金融业的优势并不明显,半数以上的城市属于制造导向的单业发展类型和制造导向的混业发展类型。具体到城市,高阶同步发展类型的城市始终只有纽约1个,产业发展水平和耦合协调程度均有较好表现,绝大多数城市产业系统中既有优势也有短板,但并不影响其创新的整体实力。总体而言,创新排名靠前的城市,产业之间的耦合协调程度更高,产业发展协同性相对较好;样本城市的产业发展类型大致呈现出从单业向混业和同步演化的趋势,制造业仍然是创新城市发展的基石。因此,中国创建全球科技创新中心的实践中,要立足于城市本身的产业优势,也要重视制造业的关键作用,采取有效举措推动和促进多产业的协同发展。

In order to measure the degree of synergy between global innovation cities’ industries, we choose 36 metropolitan areas with obvious innovation advantages as the research object, select the information industry, professional and commercial service industry and the financial industry as four dominant industries. Based on the industrial cross-section data of 2007 and 2012, the evaluation index system of each industrial system is determined,and the coupled coordination model is used to analyze the coupling development of the four industrial systems in the sample city. The research results show that the industrial development types of sample cities can be divided into three categories: single type, mixed type and synchronization. Among them, the number of samples in single industry has decreased, and the synergistic development of industry tends to be obvious, specific to the industry,manufacturing industry is very prominent, the advantages of professional and commercial service, information industry and the financial industry are not obvious, and more than half of the city belongs to the manufacturing-oriented single-industry type and manufacturing-oriented mixed type. Specific to the city, the high-order synchronous development type of city has always been only one(New York), and the level of industrial development and coupling coordination are better. Most urban industrial systems have both advantages and shortcomings, but they do not affect their strength of innovation. In general, cities with higher innovation rankings have higher coupling and coordination between industries is relatively better. The type of industrial development in the sample cities generally shows a trend from single type to mixed type and synchronous development. Manufacturing is still the cornerstone of innovative cities. Therefore, the practice of building a global science and technology innovation center in China should be based on the industrial advantages of the city itself, but also pay attention to the key role of the manufacturing industry, promote coordinated development of multi-industry.