布达拉宫旅游商业化的社区治理研究——基于权力与利益的视角

Research on community governance of tourism commercialization in Potala Palace——From the perspective of authority and interest

以社区为出发点,综合旅游商业化、社区治理等相关理论,在布达拉宫及周边社区旅游商业化表征分类的基础上,梳理其社区旅游商业化的治理成效及治理困境。再运用静态博弈模型与决策树,分析布达拉宫及周边社区旅游商业化的治理中各利益主体博弈的过程,并探析治理困境的原因。研究发现,旅游商业化的社区治理受到各利益主体间权力大小和利益选择的影响。政府及相关部门处于强势地位,主导并采取措施治理旅游商业化。布达拉宫的各空间圈层在商业化治理过程和难度上都存在明显差异。引起治理困境的原因主要是"权"与"利"的纠葛、商业化控制的阈限不清晰、利益主体之间的沟通不畅。在主要利益相关者的博弈中,各治理主体共同重构一个相对均衡的"利益-权力"关系结构,以保证社区旅游商业化得以有效治理。

Based on the theory of tourism commercialization and community governance, this paper organizes the characteristics of this phenomenon of tourism commercialization in Potala Palace and surrounding communities, analyzes the governance result and facing predicament of those communities’ commercialization. Meanwhile, this paper uses the static game model and decision tree to analyze the process of the game of various stakeholders in the governance of tourism commercialization in the Potala Palace and surrounding communities, and to analyze the causes of governance dilemmas. It is found that the community governance of tourism commercialization is influenced by power relationship network and interest choices of main stakeholders. The government and relevant departments are in a strong position in the game, leading and taking measures to control the commercialization of tourism. There are significant differences in the process and difficulty of commercialization in different spaces of the heritage. There are certain reasons, "interest-power" complicated relationship and poor communication between stakeholders, the unclear threshold of commercialization control that caused this delimmila. In the game of major stakeholders, each governor should reconstruct a relatively balanced "interest-power" relationship structure to ensure that the commercialization of community tourism can be effectively managed.