2015—2017年珠江三角洲地区医务人员四价流感疫苗接种意愿及相关因素调查

Survey on the quadrivalent influenza vaccine intention and related factors of health care workers in the Pearl River Delta region from 2015 to 2017

目的分析2015—2017年珠江三角洲地区医务人员四价流感疫苗接种意愿及相关因素。方法于2018年5月,采用分层整群抽样的方法,将广州、江门、珠海和东莞17家医疗机构(6家三甲医院、5家二甲医院以及6家社区卫生服务中心)流感诊治相关科室的718名医务人员纳入研究。采用问卷调查和面对面访谈相结合的方法收集2015—2017年医务人员流感疫苗接种情况、四价流感疫苗接种意愿、对免费和要求接种流感疫苗政策的接受程度和对提高流感疫苗接种意愿的建议等信息,采用多因素logistics回归模型分析接种意愿的相关因素。结果718名进行问卷调查的研究对象中有147名进行了面对面访谈。718名研究对象年龄为18~29、30~39、40~49和≥50岁者分别有207(28.83%)、323(44.99%)、157(21.87%)、31(4.32%)名;来自三甲医院、二甲医院和社区卫生服务中心者分别有245(34.12%)、243(33.84%)、230(32.03%)名。2015—2017年每年均接种流感疫苗的接种率为11.84%(85/718),社区卫生服务中心医务人员接种率[17.39%(40/230)]较高(P<0.05);如果疫苗免费则愿意接种者占84.82%(609/718)。多因素logistics回归模型分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.43~8.28)、工作科室为预防保健科(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.16~4.75)、了解过四价流感疫苗(OR=2.94,95%CI:2.08~4.18)、知晓医务人员是优先推荐接种人群(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.56~3.48),以及2015—2017年有三价流感疫苗接种史(OR=4.70,95%CI:3.08~7.15)与接种意愿有关联。结论珠江三角洲地区医务人员四价流感疫苗接种意愿较低,年龄(≥50岁)、工作科室(预防保健科)、了解过四价流感疫苗、知晓优先推荐接种人群和2015—2017年有三价流感疫苗接种史者有较强的接种意愿。

Objective To analyze the quadrivalent influenza vaccine intention of 718 health care workers(HCWs)in the Pearl River Delta region from 2015 to 2017.Method In May 2018,718 HCWs from the department related to the diagnosis and treatment of influenza in 17 hospitals(6 tertiary hospitals,5 secondary hospitals and 6 primary hospitals)from Guangzhou,Jiangmen,Zhuhai and Dongguan were selected by using stratified sampling method.Questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview were used to collect the information of influenza vaccination,the intention of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine,the acceptance of free and required vaccination policies,and recommendations for increasing influenza vaccination intentions from 2015 to 2017.The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with the vaccination intention.Results A total of 718 HCWs were surveyed and 147 of them were interviewed face to face.Among them,the vaccination rate of primary hospitals[17.39%(40/230)]was higher than that of other hospitals(χ2=15.80,P<0.05).If the vaccine could be free,84.82%(609/718)of HCWs would like to be vaccinated.The multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors,HCWs who were aged≥50 years(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.43-8.28),worked in department of prevention and health care(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.16-4.75),learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine(OR=2.94,95%CI:2.08-4.18),knowed that HCWs are priority(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.56-3.48),and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017(OR=4.70,95%CI:3.08-7.15),were associated with the vaccination intention.Conclusion HCWs in the Pearl River Delta region had weak inclination of getting quadrivalent influenza vaccine.HCWs who were age(≥50 years old),worked in department of prevention and health care,learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine,knowed that HCWs are priority,and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017 were factors positively associated with the vaccination intention.