道德冷漠与实践慎思

Moral Indifference and Practical Deliberation

通常而言,实践慎思被认为具有工具理性的功能。实践慎思的要义在于人如何明智地行动并实现道德目的。但是人们对道德活动中代价与风险的权衡内蕴了道德冷漠的可能。此种冷漠既有可能是因为利己主义者将他人作为纯粹的手段,也有可能因为意志软弱导致行动理由失效。道德冷漠以“现象”的方式呈现人的慎思能力的有限、行动者可能留有的遗憾。同时,离开实践理性的导向以及人对自身价值的追求,实践慎思有可能沦为一种理性计算的方法。

In general,practical deliberation is considered to have the function of instrumental rationality.The essence of practical deliberation lies in how people act wisely and realize moral purpose.However,the tradeoff between the cost and risk of the moral activity implies the possibility of moral indifference.Such indifference may be due to the fact that egoists use others as a pure means,or their reasons for action are invalid owning to weakness of will.As a“phenomenon”,moral indifference presents the limited ability of people’s deliberation and the regret that the agent may have.Simultaneously,without the direction of practical reason and people’s pursuit of their own values,practical deliberation may become a rational approach for calculation.