论康德的内部刺激与经验自我

Study on Kant’s Inner Affection and Empirical Self

在康德那里,“外部刺激”与其说是心灵与外部世界的本源碰撞,不如说是两者的原初分离。这一原初的分离是一切感性杂多的来源,由此成为一切认识的开端。而心灵的“内部刺激”则旨在说明自我感觉和自我认识的可能性、必然性。这种自我刺激具有两个层次:在内感官层面,心灵凭借对外部杂多的完全时间化而形成了自我感觉;在先验统觉的层面,一切内部的有关自我的表象通过知性的联结而形成自我认识。自我认识是一种对自我的经验建构,必须经由自我刺激。自我刺激的必然性表明了自我表象与外部世界表象相同的“被给予性”,也表明了自我认识与外部对象认识相同的“非理智直观性”。据此,主体“不能不”对自身而言是一个直观的和内知觉的客体。

In Kant’s view,on the one hand,“outer affection”is not the original contact of mind and external world,but the original separation of the two.This original separation is the source of all the manifold of sensibility,and thus as the beginning of all knowledge.On the other hand,the concept of“inner-affection”of mind aims to explain the possibility and the necessity of self-perception and self-knowledge.There are two levels in this self-affection.On the inner sense level,the mind forms the sense of self by completely temporal regulation as to the external manifold;At the level of transcendental apperception,all the internal representation about self are synthesized by the understanding to form the self-knowledge.Self-knowledge is an experiential construction as to the self,which must be based on the self-affection.The necessity of self-affection shows the same“given”of the representation between external world and self.At the same time,it implies that self-knowledge is a kind of“non-rational intuition”,the same as the knowledge of external objects.Accordingly,the subject“have to”be an object,which contains intuition and inner perception,to itself.