阿拉伯国家地方治理：以阿联酋、黎巴嫩为例

Local Governance in Arab Countries:UAE and Lebanon as Examples

目前,阿拉伯世界处在动荡、转型的历史阶段,提高国家治理能力是阿拉伯国家政府面临的重要课题。地方治理是国家治理重心下移的重要表现,在一系列国内治理问题中的重要性尤为突出,如何对地方进行有效管控、维持公共秩序、提供公共服务是摆在各国政府面前的一大难题。特别是在全球化和通信科技手段突飞猛进的背景下,一个国家的任何一个地方发生的一个独立事件都有可能迅速发酵成为全球关注的焦点乃至政权土崩瓦解的导火索。阿拉伯国家国情和历史背景复杂、政体各异,当中既有君主制和君主立宪制国家,又有内部政治框架各异的共和国。在这些国家当中,阿联酋既是海湾地区的君主制国家,也是阿拉伯世界唯一的联邦制国家;黎巴嫩在作为沙姆地区共和制国家的同时,拥有独特的教派主义政治传统。两国在地方治理方面有各自的成功经验和实际问题。本文尝试对这两个国家的地方治理、央地关系以及面临的挑战进行简要论述和比较。

The Arab world is witnessing a historical period characterized by turmoil and transformation requires to strengthen the country's ability to govern.Local governance is an important manifestation of the downward shift of the focus of national governance.It is particularly important in a series of domestic governance issues,such as how to control local affairs effectively,to maintain public order,and to provide public services.Especially in the context of the wave of globalization and the rapid advancement of communication technology,an isolated incident in any part of a country is likely to rapidly ferment into the focus or concern of global attention and even lead to the collapse of the regime.Therefore,to study and sort out the local governance situation in Arab countries has very realistic theoretical and practical significance.The Arab countries have a complex historical background and totally different political systems.There are monarchies and constitutional monarchies,as well as republics with different internal political frameworks.Among these countries,the United Arab Emirates is both a monarchy in the Gulf region and the only federal state in the Arab world;Lebanon,as a republic of the Sham region,has a unique sectarian political tradition.The two countries have their own successful experiences and practical problems in local governance.This paper attempts to briefly discuss and compare the local governance,the dynamics between the central and local governments,alongside the challenges faced to these two countries.