转向架非常规焊缝的自动打磨刀具设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Automatic Grinding Tool for Unconventional Weld of Bogie

轨道车辆转向架的焊缝表面形状影响着焊缝的质量性能与承载能力。本文针对转向架结构特点和现有自动打磨设备对燕尾、环形等非常规焊缝打磨的局限性,自主研发了圆盘形打磨头和球头棒形打磨头两种金刚石打磨工具。选用HSK-A63高速高精度快速更换接口以及山高(steadyline)重金属加长减振、橡胶阻尼、液压平衡块阻尼三种减振方式,设计组装了五种硬质合金铣刀类打磨工具。通过对打磨工具的选型以及对比打磨试验的预期结果,确定了不同打磨阶段使用的打磨工具系列。选用设计的打磨工具进行了横梁曲面、燕尾、切面以及对接焊缝的打磨试验,最终确定了横梁组成自动打磨的最优工艺方案。

The weld surface shape of railway vehicle bogie affects the quality and bearing capacity of the weld.In view of the structural characteristics of bogie frame and the limitation of existing automatic grinding equipment for abnormal weld grinding,such as swallow tail and ring,two kinds of diamond grinding tools of disc grinding head and ball-end rod grinding head are independently developed.Five kinds of grinding tools for cemented carbide milling cutters are designed and assembled by using HSK-A63 high-speed,high-precision and fast replacement interface with three vibration reduction modes of steady line heavy metal lengthening and reducing,rubber damping and hydraulic balance block damping.By selecting grinding tools and comparing the expected results of grinding experiments,the series of grinding tools used in different grinding stages are determined.The designed grinding tool is selected to carry out the grinding experiments on the cross-beam surface,swallow tail,cut surface and weld seam.Finally,the optimum technological scheme of automatic grinding for cross beam composition is determined.