康有为对庄子的身份归属及原因探析

Kang Youwei’s Identification of Chuang-tzu’s Status and Reasons

庄子在中国近代哲学家的视界中普遍受到偏爱和好评。以康有为为代表的中国近代哲学家无论是对《庄子》其书还是对庄子其人都总体上持肯定的态度。康有为的早期思想当中对庄子乃至对先秦诸子的理解,是以考辩中国传统文化的学术源头为中心,先探讨他们的身份归属问题,接着再对他们的思想内容进行阐发、诠释。康有为对庄子的身份归属和思想阐发与其孔学观密切相连,康有为推崇儒家,推重孔子,何以对道家哲学的代表人物庄子情有独钟,探讨康有为推崇庄子的原因,评析康有为对庄子理解的得失等问题,有助于深入理解康有为在近代对庄子哲学的创造性阐发以及庄子在近代中国哲学中的命运。

Chuang-tzu was generally favored and praised in the vision of modern Chinese philosophers.The modern Chinese philosophers represented by Kang Youwei held a positive attitude toward Zhuang Zi and his book.Kang Youwei’s early understanding of Zhuangzi and the philosophers in the pre-Qin period centered on the academic origin of Chinese traditional culture.He first explored their identities,and then elucidated and interpreted their ideological content.Kang Youwei’s identity and ideological interpretation are closely related to Confucianism.Kang Youwei esteems Confucianism and has a high regard for Confucius.Why does he have a special fondness for Chuang Tzu,the representative of Taoist philosophy?Discussing the reasons why Kang Youwei esteems Chuang Tzu,and evaluating the gains and losses of Kang Youwei’s understanding of Chuang Tzu will help us understand Kang Youwei’s creative elucidation of Chuang-tzu's philosophy in modern times and his studies on the fate of Chuang-tzu in modern Chinese philosophy deeply.