15至19世纪图们江流域的生态移民与区域贸易

Ecological Migration and Regional Trade in the Tumen River Basin from the 15th to the 19th Century

15世纪初,朝鲜王朝动用国家力量将边界拓展至图们江南岸,他们在招抚周边女真部落的同时大规模向该地区移民。然而,在此过程中由于耗费过重,朝鲜的国力不敷应对,并逐渐失去了对边疆地区的控制。在恶劣的自然环境影响下,朝鲜边民不得不跨越国界,成为生态移民,并在经济上依附于崛起后的建州女真。清朝建立后,由于女真部落迁离图们江北岸,失去了贸易伙伴的朝鲜边民在跨界活动中的角色也开始发生变化。

At the early 15th century, the Choson Dynasty used state power to expand the border to the South Bank of the Tumen River. They appeased the surrounding Jurchen tribes and sent immigrants to this region. However, in this process, due to excessive expenditure, Choson gradually lost control of the border areas. Under the influence of the environment, Korean frontier inhabitants had to cross the border to act as ecological immigrants. They depended economically on the rising JianzhouJurchens. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the role of Korean frontier inhabitants has begun to change because they lost their cross-border trading partners after the Jurchen tribe moved away from the North Bank of the Tumen River.