近代中央回归治黄的序幕:南京国民政府初步介入治黄问题探析

The Prelude to the Return of Modern Central Government Power to Yellow River Conservancy:A Preliminary Study of the Initial Intervention in Yellow River Conservancy by the Nanjing National Government

南京国民政府在1933年9月成立黄河水利委员会以前已经在治理黄河问题上有所谋划和举措。国民政府介入治黄的背景与其导淮政策密不可分。国民政府在黄河与淮河治理次序上先后经历了"淮黄同治"与"先淮后黄",而后迫于各方压力又不得不对"先淮后黄"的政策做出修正。国民政府介入治黄是宣示其对于孙中山政治遗愿的继承,也是彰显其政权合法性的一种标志,一定意义上还是整合黄河流域各军阀势力的一个恰当借口。黄河对淮河的影响关系也使得国民政府在导淮的同时不得不顾及治黄。国民政府各部会介入治黄,则怀有政治企图或有所束缚。受以上因素的影响,国民政府在治黄问题上表现目标不一,政令多变,协调乏力,效果不彰。国民政府初步介入治黄的表现与特点,预示日后黄河水利委员会亦难有作为。

Before the establishment of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission in September 1933, the Nanking National Government had already made plans and initiated measures on Yellow River conservancy. The background to the initial intervention of the National Government in the Yellow River is inseparable from its policy of dredging the Huai River. The policy of the National Government evolved in phases, from the "Co-prioritization of the Huai and Yellow Rivers", to the policy of "Prioritizing the Huai River over the Yellow River", before being forced to make amendments to the prioritization of the Huai River. The intervention of the National Government in the Yellow River symbolizes its succession to the legacy of Sun Yat-sen’s political goals, and provides legitimacy to its political power;in a sense, it is also a proper excuse for integrating the forces of the warlords in the Yellow River Basin. The influence of the Yellow River on the Huai River also prompted the National Government to initiate Yellow River conservancy while dredging the Huai River. Various departments of the National Government also intervened in Yellow River conservancy with various political intentions, and were bound by political contingencies. As a result the National Government’s goals and policies on Yellow River conservancy lacked consistency and coordination, and their results were unsatisfactory. The performance of the National Government’s initial intervention in the Yellow River conservancy, and the various constraining factors over it, suggest that the Yellow River Conservancy Commission would not be able to achieve much during its existence.