恩格斯对形而上学自然观批判的当代路径解读

Interpretation of Contemporary Path of Engels’ Critique on Metaphysical View of Nature

从曾经的工业革命揭开的人类活动与自然界之间存在的那层面纱开始,到如今随着世界生产方式的深刻变革所带来的一体化进程的高度融合,人类活动对自然界的影响正日益凸显。人类活动与自然界相互影响的利弊,引起了包括哲学家在内的许多人日益激烈的争论。但可惜的是,直到今时今日,形而上学的自然观仍以各种形式占据着理论界的主流地位。对这种观点,通过以形而上学自然观为契入点,在深度剖析其产生、发展及存在的理论困境基础上,来揭示恩格斯在其所著的《自然辩证法》中早已做过的批判与预测。从自然界发展演变的漫长历程,到人类以制造劳动工具为标志的真正劳动的出现,再到对人类活动与自然界相互作用中的认识中而产生的唯物辩证自然观的建立,恩格斯已经勾勒出一条认识当前生态危机的基本路径。

From the relationship between human activities and nature revealed by the industrial revolution to the high integration of the integrating process brought about by the profound changes of world production mode,the impact of human activities on nature is becoming increasingly prominent.The advantages and disadvantages of the interaction between human activities and nature have aroused more and more heated debates among many people,including philosophers.Unfortunately,up to now,the metaphysical view of nature still occupies the mainstream position in the theoretical circle in various forms.On the basis of a deep analysis of the theoretical predicament of its emergence,development and existence,this paper takes the metaphysical view of nature as the starting point to reveal Engels'critique and prediction in his Dialectics of Nature.Engels had outlined a basic way to understand the current ecological crisis from the long course of development and evolution of nature,to the emergence of real labor marked by the production of labor tools,to the establishment of materialistic and dialectical view of nature in the understanding of the interaction between human activities and nature.