流域法治何以可能:长江流域空间法治化的逻辑与展开

How to realize the basin rule of law: logic and development of the Yangtze River Basin space legalization

在概念清单中,流域只是一个“边疆概念”;在规范丛林中,流域法规范只是散见于政策文本与法律规范的一种“稀有物种”;在法治类型中,流域法治只是一个被忽视的“边缘现象”。尽管现行政策、法律规范中流域元素的权重不断提升,但在法学理论上,对于流域一词的描述和理解都十分薄弱,流域法治研究与实践仍整体落后。从已有经验来看,对于如何实现流域、跨流域的生态文明建设协调与统筹,始终缺乏充足的心理认同、切实经验与法治应对。由于生态文明的顶层设计、经济社会的现实需求以及法治的实践回应,流域、流域法规范以及流域法治等,已经从法治的边缘正式走向了中心地带。欲构建流域法治,实现长江流域空间的法治化,必须:①立足“流域”、“流域法治”、“长江流域立法”,流域空间的自然单元、社会经济单元与管理单元等多元属性,决定了流域的法律属性,赋予流域空间法律的色彩与基因,奠定了长江流域立法新法理的逻辑起点。②流域法律关系作为环境法律关系的一种特殊构造与具体类型,更为复杂、多元与综合。流域法律关系本质——流域空间的法律化和法律的流域空间化,蕴含着长江流域立法新法理的变革要素。③各国流域治理过程中流域法治的勃兴,昭示着法治类型的空间转向。长江流域空间与抽象法治的化合结晶,塑造了长江流域立法新法理的理论依归。④从流域到流域法治、从流域立法到长江流域立法的逻辑与展开,构建了从流域法治到长江流域立法实践的法理基础。完成从事理到法理的转变,有助于推动流域法治的转型与创新。

For a long time,basin is just a‘frontier concept’,basin legal norm is the‘rare species’,which is seen accidently in top-level design of policy and the law of jungle,and the basin rule of law is a neglected‘edge phenomena’.on account of political design of ecological civilization,reality needs of economic society,and practice respond to the rule of law,basin,basin legal norm and the basin rule of law have already officially moved towards the heartland of the rule of law instead of frontier or edge.The weight of basin element keeps going up in current policies and the legal norms,whereas,in the theory of law,the description and understanding of the word for basin are still very weak,and research and practice of basin rule of law still fall behind the overall.From the experience,how to implement ecological civilization construction coordination as a whole of basin and cross-basin has always been a lack of adequate psychological identity,practical experience and the rule of law.Based on‘basin’,‘basin rule of law’,‘the Yangtze River Basin legislation’,multiple attributes such as natural units,social economic units and management units of basin space,determines the legal attribute of the basin,endows basin unit color and genes of law,lays the logic start of the new legal principle for the Yangtze River Basin legislation;the basin legal relationship,as a special structure and specific type of environmental legal relationship,is more complex,multivariant and comprehensive.The essence of the basin legal relationship—legalization of basin space and basin spatialization of legal constitute revolution elements of new legal principle for the Yangtze River Basin legislation.The emergence of rule of law in the process of every national governance indicates spatial turn of rule of law type.Combining crystallization of the Yangtze River Basin space and abstract rule of law shape the theoretical basis of the new legal principle for the Yangtze River basin legislation.From basin to the basin rule of law,from the legislation of the basin to the logic and expansion of the legislation for Yangtze River Basin,establishing legal basis from the basin rule of law to the legislation practice in Yangtze River Basin,accomplishing the transformation from reason to legal principle,will conduce to promote urgent transformation and innovation of the construction for basin rule of law,create Chinese experience and Chinese narrative,feed the whole legal system,become the innovation and driving force of the socialist legal system.