多元共治视阈下的三峡清漂长效机制研究

Study on the long-acting mechanism of floating debris clearing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area from the perspective of multiple co-governance

为保护三峡大坝安全及库区水生态环境,三峡库区每年都须进行漂浮物清理。由于三峡清漂中政府发挥了主导作用,市场机制也较为行之有效,加之社会公众并不“缺席”且一定程度“发力”,可以认为多元主体参与治理之格局已初步形成。尽管如此,三峡清漂之多元共治还是因责任落实不够、统一监管缺失以及市场与社会公众乏力而陷入“浅治”而非“根治”、“暂治”而非“长治”、“分治”而非“共治”等困境。究其根本,乃是因为三峡清漂中“权力—权利”力量显著失衡又缺乏良好互动、“权力—权力”间配置不尽合理且制衡不足所致。为落实三峡清漂长效机制,应当加快制定《长江保护法》,厘清多元主体权力(利)责任、明确统一监管机构、强化政府有效监管、激励市场主体积极发力、拓宽社会公众参与路径,以推动三峡清漂中多元共治的真正实现。

In the purpose of ensuring the security of the Three Gorges Dam and protecting the water ecological environment,floating debris clearing becomes an annual normalized task in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.It can be considered that the pattern of multiple co-governance has been preliminarily formed,since government plays a leading role while the market mechanism is effective and public make a certain contribution to the floating debris clearing.However,due to insufficient implementation of responsibilities,the absence of a specialized regulatory agency,the weak points and negative factors of the market and the public,it is difficult to solve the problem completely and get a long-term effect,and also,achieve the goal of co-governance among government,market and public.Basically,some essential reasons can be generalized as follow:on one hand,there is a significant imbalance between powers and rights which makes them interact not well enough;on the other hand,unreasonable power allocation causes a lack of power balance.In order to implement the long-acting mechanism of floating debris clearing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,it is necessary to promote the realization of the multiple co-governance.To be specific,we should speed up enacting the law for the protection of Yangtze River,clarify the powers,rights and responsibilities of multiple subjects,set up a specialized regulatory agency,strengthen effective government oversight,stimulate market subjects to be more positive and broaden the channels for public participation.