论环境风险治理转型

On the governance transformation of environmental risk

随着风险社会的来临,环境风险治理成为新课题,这是包括法律、公共机构、社会等使权力具体化的决策过程,且以整合的方式,通过广泛的行动者和利害关系人处理各种环境问题。论文认为在经济与科技理性独大和公众风险感知对专家知识提出质疑之后,信息扭曲、隐匿和程序参与及正当性不足正成为传统环境风险管制的最大挑战。制度逻辑正促使环境风险治理模式发生变革,应充分阐释环境风险治理的行政权正当性基础,基于合作国家的行政法治理念,以参与为基础的公私协力正成为环境风险治理的新模式,新模式是通过广泛的行动者与利益关系人处理环境问题的协同机制。在治理模式转型之下,通过提升国家立法主体与行政主体的政策制定能力、市场主体的创新能力、社会主体参与的知识与能力等来形塑环境风险治理的结构。在制度建构上,应当反省长期以来技术与行政官僚的风险治理权威决策体系,在突破公私藩篱的基础上,推动科学民主化与扩大科学知识审查社群,以“生态现代化”为进路,就各种不同公私协力的类型来做不同的制度设计,通过风险交流与信息透明提升决策效能。其要旨在于,政府、产业和社会基于合作的参与,达成法律与政策目的。总之,在社会转型及风险多发的时代背景下,环境风险治理应当由传统的官僚、阶层、修补式、个别式、中央集权的命令控制路线,转变成强调预防、整合、参与、协商与弹性的公私协力模式。

Environmental risk governance is an important issue in risk society.The occurrence of environmental risks and the increasing number of grassroots actions are challenging the government’s ability to govern.Carrying forward the research of environmental risk governance,we should grasp the following important points:firstly,recognizing that due to the development logic of economic and technological rationality,public risk perception and traditional regulatory defects;secondly,explaining problems for environmental risk management;finally,expanding the paradigm discussion on environmental risk governance,which is a decision-making process that includes the legalization of laws,public institutions,and social rights.It is a collaborative mechanism that deals with environmental issues through a wide range of actors and stakeholders through public-private cooperative governance.In the system construction,we should reflect on the decision-making system of long-term technical and administrative bureaucratic risk governance authoritarian.On the basis of breaking public and private barriers,we should promote democratization of science and expand the scientific knowledge review community,with‘ecological modernization’as the way,different types of public-private partnerships are used to make different institutional designs,and the effectiveness of decision-making is improved through risk communication and information transparency.It aims to achieve legal and policy objectives based on cooperation,government,industry and society.In short,in the context of social transformation and risk-prone,environmental risk governance should be transformed from traditional bureaucratic,hierarchical,patched,individual,and centralized command-and-control routes to emphasis on prevention,integration,participation,negotiation,and resilience.Public-private partnership model.