论天台宗的“两重能所”

On the Thought of “Two levels of the Subject and Object” of Tiantai Buddhism

“两重能所”是天台宗止观学说的重要组成部分。从教义上讲,它是知礼在不脱离本宗传统前提下总结出的“新教法”,对理解天台教学演进十分关键;从教史上讲,其又是山家派批判山外思想的有力工具,对探讨宋代天台宗思想分流与融合极为重要。近现代高僧和学者如谛闲、牟宗三、安藤俊雄等对其论述都有未尽之处,对“两重能所”寻根探源地深入分析,需要回到宋代天台宗山家派思想文献的脉络中,复原其作为融合“教观”,指导修行次第之重要方法的本来面目,如此才能更准确理解天台宗之“教观双美”的切实意义,对天台宗在中国佛教思想史上的地位有更明晰的认知。

“Two levels of the Subject and Object”(两重能所)is an important part of the Tiantai Buddhist theory.In terms of doctrine,it is a“new teaching method”that is not divorced from the tradition of the rites.So it is very important for understanding the evolution of the theory of Tiantai Buddhism.In the history of teaching,it is also a powerful tool for the Orthodox sect(山家派)to criticize the thoughts of Unorthodox sect(山外派).It is extremely important to explore the diversion and integration of the Tiantai sect in the Song Dynasty.In order to analyze this theory in depth,we need to go back to the context of the Song Dynasty's Tiantai School's ideological literature,restore its original appearance that is a way to guide religious meditation,and accurately understand the real means of Tiantai school's“Teaching-Observing Double Beauty”(教观双美),than we would have a clearer understanding to the status of Tiantai thought in the history of Chinese Buddhism.