政府购买社会组织服务中参与式预算的作用、困境与对策

The Role,Dilemma and Countermeasures of Participatory Budgeting in Government Purchasing Social Organization Services

将参与式预算引入政府购买社会组织服务是一个实践新趋势。我国从中央到地方在政府购买社会组织服务相关政策中大都制定了预算要求和规则,但针对参与式预算的相关规定还存在观点模糊、思路不清晰、措施较为笼统、参与层次标准低等问题。基于政策文本分析和案例的研究发现,公民参与意识和能力不足、政府不愿意割权、公民难以达成共识、程序不中立、社会组织自我选择困难等是出现以上问题的重要原因。解决问题的对策应重点从公民意识和能力的培养、政府权力的变移、公共精神的塑造、程序正义以及社会组织自立能力的增强等方面着手。此外,如何将参与式预算的成果变为决策并增强决策的合法性,还需公民参与过程与政治系统对接。

It is a new practice trend to introduce participatory budgeting into the government's purchase of social organization services.In China,most of the policies related to the purchase of social organization services by the central and local governments have formulated budget requirements and rules,but there are still some problems in the relevant provisions on participatory budgeting,such as vague views,unclear ideas,relatively general measures and low level of participation standards.Based on the analysis of policy texts and case studies,it is found that the above problems are mainly caused by the insufficient awareness and ability of citizens'participation,the government's unwillingness to cede rights,citizens'difficulty in reaching consensus,procedural neutrality and the difficulty in self-selection of social organizations.The countermeasures should focus on the cultivation of citizen consciousness and ability,the change of government power,the shaping of public spirit,procedural justice and the enhancement of self-reliance of social organizations.In addition,how to turn the results of budget participation into decision-making and enhance the legitimacy of decision-making also needs to link the process of citizen participation with the political system.