女运动员三联征的研究进展及应对策略

Research Progress and Coping Strategy on Female Athlete Triad

探究“三联征”对女性运动员竞技表现、生殖健康、终生寿命具有重要意义。女运动员三联征(female athlete triad,FAT)的研究始于1992年,近年来,国际上对其关注逐渐增加。由于从事运动的女性出现饮食紊乱、月经失调、骨质疏松的征象具有隐匿性,运动员和教练员可能忽视其对生理健康、心理健康和运动表现产生的负面影响。积极探讨FAT及其应对措施,不仅有利于提升其运动表现,更有利于促进其终生健康。适时对女性运动员进行知识普及、体检筛查、预防治疗,并对运动队管理人员进行FAT宣传教育至关重要。通过查阅美国运动医学会(ACSM)、美国大学体育协会(NCAA)、国际奥委会(IOC)等国际权威组织相关立场声明及研究成果,梳理近30年来FAT的权威研究报道,概述FAT的患病率和负面影响,揭示FAT可能的产生机制,探讨FAT的筛查诊断、防治策略以及重返赛场决策模型。

The paper explores the great significance of female athlete triad(FAT)on the athletic performance,reproduction health and lifelong longevity.The research of FAT can be traced back to 1992,and international researchers have paid more and more attention to it recently.Due to the stealthiness phenomenon of eating disorder,menstrual disorder and osteoporosis that occur to female athlete and physical active females,athletes and coaches may neglect the harmful effect it produces on female physiological and psychological health as well as athletic performance.The exploration of reaction of the FAT is beneficial to athletic performance and life-long health of females.Consequently,the knowledge popularization,physical examination and prevention strategy towards female athletes and the publicity and education to the sports managers are of vital importance.This paper has reviewed relevant initiatives and research findings of ACSM,IOC,NCAA,etc.Through sorting out the research development of FAT of the last 30 years,this paper summarizes the prevalence and negative effects of it and reveals the possible mechanism it may have,as well as discusses the screening diagnosis strategy.