存在哲学对必然性的反抗——舍斯托夫论亚里士多德

Existential Philosophy ’s Defiance of Necessity: Shestov on Aristotle

舍斯托夫在亚里士多德关于"必然性不听劝说"的陈述背后,不是看到了亚里士多斯对世界规律的总结,而是看出了他的无奈和叹息。在舍斯托夫看来,亚里士多德最终还是克制了自己不由自主的叹息,开始赞扬强迫性的真理。然而舍斯托夫认为,全部哲学的根本问题就在于对必然性是服从还是斗争的问题。理性主义哲学教导人对必然性的服从,存在哲学主张人有与必然性作斗争的权利。存在哲学是争取不可能之物的斗争。

In Shestov’s statement on Aristotle’s"necessity cannot be persuaded",instead of Aristotle’s summary of the laws of the world,one can see his helplessness and sigh,but Aristotle managed to restrain his own involuntary sigh and began to praise the compulsive truth. However,according to Shestov,the fundamental problem of all philosophy lies in the right to obey or to fight against the necessity. Rationalist philosophy teaches people to obey necessity,but existential philosophy advocates the people’s right to be defiant of necessity. Existential philosophy is a battle to fight for the impossible.