休闲体育与社会分层的中西考察——基于文献的比较

Study of Leisure Sports and Social Stratification in China and the Occident:Document-Based Comparison

梳理社会分层视角下休闲体育的相关文献,发现不同休闲体育满足了不同社会阶层的休闲需求。休闲体育的参与主体是人,其含义是由社会和个体在双向互动中共同赋予构建的。休闲体育的分层应考虑不同社会的经济文化背景和所处的历史发展阶段,通过更加动态、多元、灵活的研究视角,从根本上理解休闲体育参与特征和社会阶层间的关联逻辑。当代中国社会阶层和休闲运动的研究可从以下几方面改进:①研究方法方面,不应仅停留在现象层面对社会阶层和休闲体育进行层级划分,止于量性研究的结果呈现。应摒弃先入为主的认知,借助质性研究方法,以微观视角深入探究现象背后的作用机理,避免假性解释或信口提出平等化口号。②研究内容方面,国内对休闲体育层级的划分还处于初级阶段,目前对高尔夫球、网球参与者的社会阶层特性关注较多,后续可从新兴运动和中国特色休闲体育进行挖掘,探索中国本土休闲人群的阶层特征及形成原因。③研究维度方面,可通过多维度比较,进一步认识休闲体育在不同社会中的发展:以历史分析的方法,从时间上追溯某项休闲运动及其参与人群的演变历程;以社会背景为基础,从空间上对比同一休闲运动在不同地区的参与人群阶层特征的异同。

After reading the papers about leisure sports in the perspective of social stratification,hold the perspective that different leisure sports satisfy the leisure needs of different social classes.The most important part of leisure sports is the human,and the meaning is constructed between the two-way interaction of society and individual.The analysis of social stratification about leisure sports needs to consider the economic and cultural background of different societies and their stages of historical development.We can fundamentally comprehend the logic among the characteristics of leisure sports participation and social classes.In terms of research methods,we should not only classify the hierarchy of leisure sports at phenomenal level,but present the results of quantitative study.We should abandon the preconceived cognition and use qualitative research methods to explore the mechanism behind the phenomenon from a micro-perspective,so as to avoid false interpretation or propose equal slogans blindly.In terms of research content,the classification of leisure sports hierarchy in China is still in its infancy.Nowadays,besides the social stratum characteristics of golf and tennis leisure players,it can also be excavated from emerging sports and characteristics Chinese leisure sports to explore the characteristics and the reasons of the localized leisure Groups.In terms of research dimension,we can further understand the development of leisure sports in different social backgrounds by multidimensional comparison:With the historical analysis,we can trace the evolution of a leisure sport in the participating stratum from time.With the social background,the similarities and differences of the class characteristics of leisure sport in different regions are compared.