经皮肾镜碎石术皮肾通道建立的现状及研究进展

Status Quo and Research Progress of Establishment of Skin-Kidney Channel in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

泌尿系结石是泌尿外科常见病,经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)是复杂性肾结石治疗的常规手术。PCNL穿刺定位以及理想操作通道的建立是PCNL治疗成功的关键,直接影响PCNL的治疗效果。定位不准确导致的穿刺困难和难以预测的术中及术后出血是PCNL失败的关键,也是导致患者死亡和限制PCNL广泛应用的主要原因。提高PCNL的成功率,减轻泌尿系结石患者的痛苦是PCNL的主要目标,深入探讨PCNL定位及穿刺方法有助于提高PCNL的手术成功率,对泌尿系结石的精准安全治疗具有重要意义。

Urinary calculi are common diseases in urology. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy( PCNL) is a routine procedure for the treatment of complex renal calculi. The location of PCNL puncture and the establishment of ideal operation channel are the keys to the success of PCNL treatment,which directly affects the therapeutic effect of PCNL. Difficulties in puncture and unpredictable intraoperative and postoperative bleeding caused by inaccurate localization are the keys to the failure of PCNL,and are also the main causes of patient death,restricting the wide application of PCNL. Improving the success rate of PCNL and alleviating the pain of patients with urinary calculi are the main goals of PCNL. Deeper exploration of the location and puncture methods of PCNL will help to improve the success rate of PCNL operation,which is of great significance to the precise and safe treatment of urinary calculi.