密集烤箱烘烤烟叶变黄期温度容差研究

Temperature tolerance of Flue-curing barn during Yellowing stage on tobacco leaves

【目的】探讨变黄期各恒定温度梯度处理下烤后烟叶内在化学成分与感官质量的变化规律,最终找到适宜密集烘烤变黄期温度的容差范围,为烘烤工艺的优化与完善提供理论依据和思路.【方法】采用电热式温湿自控密集烤烟箱,以K326品种为试验材料,研究了在变黄期各温度梯度处理下对不同部位烤后烟叶经济性状、内在化学成分和感官评吸质量的影响.【结果】(1)下部叶以36~44℃变黄处理,中部叶以36~42℃变黄处理和上部叶以34~42℃变黄处理的烟叶,烤至72 h时,失水率均达到50%~60%,叶绿素降解率均在90%以上,有利于烟叶变黄和定色;(2)不同部位烤后烟叶以36~42℃变黄处理烘烤工艺,烟叶经济性状指标较高,其中上等烟比例最高可达85.53%,均价最高可达32.48 CNY/kg;(3)不同部位烤后烟叶以36~42℃变黄处理烘烤工艺,烟叶内在化学成分较协调,其中烟叶糖碱比均在9.58~12.16,且烟叶感官质量较好,其中下中部叶以38~40℃变黄处理和上部叶以36~40℃变黄处理感官评吸质量达到最大值.【结论】变黄期以36~42℃容差范围烘烤工艺处理的烤后烟叶基本满足工业可用性.

【Objective】 The change rule of chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves was discussed after curing with constant temperature gradient in the yellowing stage,and the tolerance range of temperature for the suitable yellowing stage was finally found,which provided theoretical basis and ideas for the optimization and improvement of baking process. 【Method】 We researched the effects of different parts of flue-cured tobacco under different temperature gradient treatment during yellowing stage on the economic characters,chemical composition and sensory quality,electrothermal temperature humidity control dense flue-curing barn was used for this experiment,and flue-tobacco variety K326 was took as the test material.【Result】(1) The filtration rate and chlorophyll degradation rate achieved 50%~60% and above 90% when the baking temperature of 36~44 ℃ for lower leaves,36~42 ℃ for middle leaves,34~42 ℃ for upper leaves and baking for 72 hours,which is good for tobacco leaves turn yellow and set the color.(2) The leaves had a better economic characters with different parts of flue-cured tobacco during yellowing stage under 36~42 ℃,among them,the proportion of superior tobacco could be as high as 85.53%,and the average price could be up to 32.48 CNY/kg.(3) The internal chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were more harmonious with different parts of flue-cured tobacco during yellowing stage under 36~42 ℃,among them,the ratio of sugar to nicotine of flue-cured tobacco leaves were all in 9.58~12.16,and the sensory evaluation of absorption was better,what’s more,the middle leaves and the lower leaves 38~40 ℃ yellow processing and upper leaves with 36~40 ℃ yellowing process sensory smoking quality reaches the maximum value. 【Conclusion】 The roasted tobacco baked for tolerance range of 36~42 ℃ during the yellowing stage basically met on industrial demands.